Magnetite nanoparticles of 9 nm size were synthesized by co-precipitation, hybridized with carbon dots by in situ hydrothermal treatment, and chemically bound on an acid-treated carbon nanohorn through carbon dots. Separately, magnetite nanoparticles were in situ deposited on an acid-treated carbon nanohorn. Both composites were well dispersed in aqueous medium and displayed magnetism. These composites were examined for drug (doxorubicin and gemcitabine) loading/release and, additionally, a carbon dot-immobilized composite exerted the influence of the photodynamic/photothermal effects under laser light emission on gemcitabine release. The release of gemcitabine from magnetite-bound composite was completed when the hyperthermia procedure was conducted together under a magnet. Thus, the magnetite- and carbon dot-including composites possess possible simultaneous usage in phototherapy and thermotherapy including hyperthermia beside chemotherapy.
Bifunctional C2-symmetric 7,7'-dihydroxymethyl-8,8'-biquinolyl (2) was synthesized in short steps via (i) Cu/Pd-catalyzed homo coupling of 7-methyl-8-bromoquinoline and (ii) Pd(II)-catalyzed double C-H oxidation. Axial chirality of 2 and its synthetic precursor 7,7'-dimethyl-8,8'-biquinolyl (3) is stable. Optically active 2 was obtained through separation of racemic 2 by chiral column HPLC or Pd(II)-catalyzed double C-H oxidation of optically active 3. The absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers of 2 and 3 was determined using the exciton chirality method.
A multiple collisions caused by a drifting ship which lost control and entered into a wind farm (WF) may cause relatively large risk for a WF comprised of bottom mounted type offshore wind turbines. A bottom mounted type wind turbine will be installed relatively close to shore in Japan and sometimes close to dense marine traffic area. Consideration of the risk will be necessary in planning a WF.
This paper presented an estimation of a damage caused by collision with a drifting ship accidentally entered a wind farm. The WF is assumed comprised of bottom mounted type offshore wind turbines. The size of the drift ship considered in the analysis is 6788 GT. For smaller ships, damage to wind turbine considered to be small. Entry of ships from sides other than the one facing sea route was ignored because the number of ship entries from the sides was considered small. Under a number of limitations, risk of multiple collisions in WF by a drifting ship was formulated and quantitatively estimated.
A deterministic processing method is a high-precision finishing method, where the to-be-removed amount of material at each point of the work surface is calculated based on an accurately measured present surface shape and is removed precisely using a numerically controlled (NC) processing system. Although this method has achieved nanometer-scale accuracy, the method requires considerable time to scan the work surface, leading to low productivity. Therefore, using an individual on-off controllable array-type plasma generator covering the entire work surface, enabling simultaneous NC plasma processing is proposed herein. A novel intermittent gas flow system was constructed using cyclic on-off control of the gas supply and exhaust valves instead of the commonly used continuous gas flow to achieve uniform in-plane plasma etching. It was found that uniform removal could be achieved by combining it with a pulse-modulated high-frequency power supply and setting the plasma generation time in one cycle to be sufficiently short. Furthermore, a power control approach was developed for maintaining a constant plasma state, even while varying the plasma-generating array elements, which resulted in a demonstration experiment of NC plasma etching that successfully reduced the thickness variation of a silicon substrate.
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