SCFA-GPR43 interactions modulate colitis by regulating inflammatory cytokine production in mononuclear cells.

P-CAB improved the efficacy of CAM-containing 7-day triple therapy and would be a valuable first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.

The presence of lesions in the rectum and three or more arterial bleeding occurrences during ESD were risk factors for post-ESD bleeding. Patients with these risk factors should be followed up carefully after ESD for colorectal epithelial neoplasms.

Few studies have investigated the host microbe metabolic axis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine and compare the nutrient intakes and metabolic markers and to elucidate the relationships among these factors in Japanese T2DM patients and control individuals. Fifty nine Japanese T2DM patients and 59 matched healthy control individuals participated in this study. We examined the differences regarding the participants' dietary habits, microbiota, and fecal short chain fatty acids, and analyzed the relationships between the gut microbiota and blood metabolic markers in the T2DM patients and the control subjects. The T2DM patients consumed more carbohydrates, and had lower fecal propionate and butyrate concentrations, larger fecal popula tions of Bifidobacterium spp. and bacteria of the order Lacto bacillales, and smaller fecal Bacteroides spp. populations than the control individuals. In the T2DM patients, the level of Bifido bacterium spp. correlated negatively with the carbohydrate intake and the level of bacteria of the order Lactobacillales corre lated negatively with the protein intake. T2DM patients have gut dysbiosis that may contribute to disease onset and influence its prognosis. Furthermore, homeostatic disturbances in the gut related metabolism may underlie the pathogenesis of T2DM.