We present large-area ultrathin metasurfaces that transmit visible light and reflect near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. These visible-transparent metasurfaces consist of 10 nm-thick monolayer of randomly dispersed silver nanodisks, that is only λ/90 thickness at the reflection peak wavelength. Calculated optical properties of the structure show that the reflectance for NIR wavelengths increases monotonically as a function of increasing nanodisk density, while the absorption saturates and scattering of visible light decreases. We demonstrate that the proposed structure is easy to fabricate with chemically synthesized silver particles using the bottom-up method and has industrially applications.
Self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have been developed and improved in these twenty years. In Japan, the CFLS that have diffusive glass globes to replace incandescent lamps have been developed, but their sizes were too large to fit in the luminares of incandescent bulbs. Thus, we have developed the self-ballasted CFL of an "A60" bulb shape, which has the maximum diameter of c60 mm and the length of 123 mm. This lamp could be substituted for a 60 W incandescent lamp. In order to realize this lamp size, we opt.imized the discharge tube diameter, filling gas type and pressvre, the shape and makmg process of the dlscharge tube After all the tnple "U" connected tube Is selected, which has a decisive advantage against a multi-folded tube on the luminous maintenance during life, but also has a disadvantage on the luminous run-up characteristics. We investigated the behaviors of mercury, especially the mercury diffusion phenomenon released from the auxiliary amalgam-Wags after ignition by both experiments and calculation. The luminous run-up characteristic has been much improved.
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