This study aims to determine the characteristics of Mo-Ni/HZ catalysts and test the ability of Mo-Ni/HZ catalysts in converting vegetable oils into biofuels through catalytic cracking reactions.Catalyst preparation is carried out by the impregnation method which begins with activation of natural zeolite.Impregnation is carried out by dissolution, reflux, filtration, drying and calcination.Catalyst characterization included the determination of the distribution of metals in zeolites using IR spectroscopic analysis and total acidity of the catalyst by ammonia adsorption gravimetric method.Preparation of samples prior to cracking is heating, degumming and bleaching.Catalytic cracking was carried out at 280oC using Mo-Ni/HZ catalyst for 100 minutes.The constituent components of the cracking results were analyzed by GC-MS and IR spectroscopy.The results obtained from the catalytic cracking process were then determined by physical characteristics which included density, viscosity, fog point and pour point test.Based on the shift of wave number in IR spectroscopy, it can be concluded that the Ni and Mo metals are embedded in the HZ.This Mo-Ni/HZ catalyst has total acidity of 8.39 mmol/gammonia.The results of the study prove that the Mo-Ni/HZ experiment proved to be able to crack oil frompalm oil processing wastewater by 91.46% to composition C=O ester CH aliphatic.The physical characteristics of cracking productshave parameters density of 0.93 g/cm3, a viscosity of 26.60 cSt, a fog point of 15oC and pour point of 11.67oC.
Titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst material that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms, bacteria, and viruses. Titanium dioxide can be modified into TiO2-SiO2-Ag composites to improve the ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms due to increased adsorption capability and bactericidal properties. Composites of TiO2-SiO2-Ag were synthesized using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) precursor in the presence of NH4OH base catalyst followed by the addition of TiCL and AgNO3 precursors. Coating of composite material on the cotton fabric was carried out by eight times dying. The coated cotton fabric was tested for antibacterial ability using UV-vis spectrophotometry method and agar disc diffusion method. FTIR data showed a typical functional group of the materials composing the composite. Analysis of XRD and UV-DRS showed that the composite material was amorphous with a bandgap of 2.43 eV. Antibacterial test results showed that the TiO2-SiO2-Ag composite material was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria in liquid media and solid media by 83.76% and 99%, respectively.
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