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We aimed to determine the safety, immunogenicity and efficiency of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine. The vaccine was prepared with G3 serotype equine rotavirus. A dose of 2 ml was inoculated twice with a 1-month interval into the cervical muscles of 60 pregnant mares (40 on farm T and 20 on farm M). The first vaccination was conducted

In 2003, gall midge larvae of the genus Resseliella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were found infesting the cores of Japanese pear, Pyrus pyrifolia (Rosaceae), in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Symptoms of infestation are similar to those noted previously for Japanese pear in Japan and Korea. From 2007 to 2008, gall midge larvae that were similar to those found in Fukushima Prefecture were detected in Tottori and Shimane Prefectures, Japan under the bark of Japanese pear. Based on morphological comparison with known congeners associated particularly with Rosaceae in the Palaearctic region and those occurring in Japan, we concluded that the gall midge infesting Japanese pear is a new species of Resseliella. DNA sequencing data also supported this conclusion. This new species seems to be identical to the 'pear codlin midge' reported previously from Japan and Korea. We describe the gall midge as Resseliella yagoi sp. nov. and provide information on host plant cultivars, distribution, behavioral and life history traits, and pest status.

Preoperative HGS is an independent predictive factor of postoperative complications, especially postoperative pneumonia, for elderly male patients with esophageal cancer treated with radical esophagectomy.

Time from hindfoot peak to forefoot peak and percent change in forefoot pressure at forefoot peak and hindfoot peak were the best indicators of STS motion difficulty.

In the past, Rhopalomyia longitubifex, Rhopalomyia shinjii, and Rhopalomyia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been regarded as independent species based on differences in the sizes and shapes of axillary bud galls induced on Artemisia montana (Asteraceae) in Japan and A. princeps in Japan and Korea. However, comparison of morphological features and molecular sequencing data indicate that these Rhopalomyia gall midges are identical and that the differences in gall shape are polymorphisms, although the measurements of gall height and diameter overlap slightly. This finding suggests that although galls have frequently been regarded as extensions of the phenotype of a species, differences in gall shape may not always be reliable for identifying gall-inducing cecidomyiids. The older name, R. longitubifex, is applied to these gall midges, and the names that were applied to this species on later occasions are revised or synonymized. The mature and immature stages of R. longitubifex are redescribed and information on the distribution, host range, and gall size of this species is provided. We also discuss the role of gall polymorphism in the early stages of speciation.