Choroidal abnormalities tend to increase with age and are most often observed within the vascular arcade.

In POAG patients treated with 3 kinds of antiglaucoma eye drops, office IOP was similar to mean 24-hour IOP. However, it was difficult to estimate 24-hour IOP fluctuation and maximum 24-hour IOP on the basis of office IOP.

The thickened, stratified structure of the anterior capsule suggests abnormal lens epithelium in patients with a double-ring sign. The horizontal splits in the anterior capsule, with concomitant epithelial changes, i.e., the vacuole-like spaces and widened intercellular spaces, support the relation between a double-ring sign and true exfoliation.

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Multiple, small regions of RPE thinning or holes along the margin of PED can be a sign of an impending PED tear.

Only two cases of bacterial endophthalmitis after triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) have been reported. As far as we are aware there has been no report of fungal endophthalmitis occurring after TA-assisted PPV. We report a case of endophthalmitis due to Fusarium after TA-assisted PPV. An otherwise healthy 61-year-old woman suffered from branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema, which led to reduced visual acuity and metamorphopsia. Because she complained of severe discomfort, TA-assisted PPV was performed to reduce the macular edema. At the end of the surgery 4 mg TA was injected into the vitreous cavity. Two weeks after the surgery her visual acuity had improved to 20/20. Six weeks after the surgery her visual acuity decreased to 20/200 but without pain. Slit lamp examination showed no conjunctival hyperemia and no inflammatory cell infiltration in the anterior chamber. Fundus examination showed several small, creamy-white, circumscribed retinal lesions, epiretinal membranes, vitreoretinal traction, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PPV was performed again. Intra-operative light microscopy revealed filamentous fungi in the epiretinal membrane, which was removed during the second PPV. Five days after the second surgery, retinal detachment recurred. A third PPV with encircling procedures and silicone oil tamponade was performed. Fungal cultures from the epiretinal membrane were identified as Fusarium sp. Seven months after the third surgery the silicone oil was removed. The retina remained attached and visual acuity was 20/200. Any patient who has undergone TA-assisted PPV should be carefully followed up for possible post-operative endophthalmitis, even if the anterior segment abnormality is minor.

Purpose: To compare the efficiency and safety of two phacoemulsification systems, the Infiniti with intelligent phacoemulsification (IP) and the Centurion without IP, in terms of intraoperative metrics of phacoemulsification and the occurrences of adverse events and intraoperative tip obstruction. Design:Comparative case series. Methods:A consecutive series of 340 eyes (151 eyes with the Infiniti, 189 eyes with the Centurion) was evaluated. A 2.4 mm sclerocorneal incision was used with the Infiniti, and a 2.0 mm incision was used with the Centurion. Phacoemulsification of the nucleus was performed using the phaco chop technique, with the IP function of the Infiniti turned on and the IP mode of the Centurion turned off. From among the parameters displayed on the panels of both devices, ultrasound (US) time, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), aspiration time, and estimated balanced salt solution (BSS) aspiration volume were investigated and compared between the devices. Results: A comparison of all subjects found significant differences between the two devices in mean CDE (p=0.02) and mean aspiration time (p=0.003), but not in mean US time (p=0.43) or mean estimated BSS aspiration volume (p=0.07). For grade 3 nuclei, all parameters of mean US time (p=0.0044), mean CDE (p ≤ 0.001), mean aspiration time (p<0.001), and mean estimated BSS aspiration volume (p=0.001) showed significant differences favoring the Centurion. Conclusions:Compared to the Infiniti with IP mode, cataract surgery with the Centurion without IP mode is likely to be performed with less phacoemulsification energy and higher efficiency.