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Manganese accumulates in the brain during cholestasis associated with biliary atresia and disappears after hepatic transplantation. Manganese deposition is likely to be subclinical and reversible but may be associated with some age-related neurologic symptoms.

Owing to high resistivity and high inplane uniaxial anisotropy, granular films are known to exhibit high permeability at radio frequencies. But this granular resistivity is not high enough to suppress eddy current when they are used at gigahertz frequencies. Recent developments to solve this problem are described. One is patterning the granular films. It is effective to control the inplane anisotropy and to suppress inplane eddy current. Another is deposition of granular films by evaporation. A peculiar fiber structure is formed for which very high resistivity and anisotropy are realized. Finally, a study of using these films as near-field electromagnetic noise absorbers is described, and it is demonstrated that they have high potential as micrometer-scale noise absorbing elements in the gigahertz frequency range.

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We performed serial ultrasonic examinations to differentiate biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis. The subjects studied were 144 children (100 normal neonates and infants, 31 patients with neonatal hepatitis and 13 patients with biliary atresia). They were examined by ultrasound before, during and after feeding. In 97 out of 100 normal children and all patients with neonatal hepatitis, the gallbladder was identified, and the change in size following oral feeding was observed. In four children with severe neonatal hepatitis which could not be differentiated from biliary atresia by clinical and laboratory data, we readily identified the gallbladder and observed the change in the size following oral feeding. In 8 of 13 patients with biliary atresia, we identified a small gallbladder whose size was not affected by oral feeding. In the other patients the gallbladder was not identified before, during or after oral feeding. On the basis of these results, we consider that serial ultrasonic examination with oral feeding aids in a differential diagnosis of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis.

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