This article used probabilistic analysis to evaluate material properties of the in vivo subject-specific tibiofemoral (TF) joint model. Sensitivity analysis, based on a Monte Carlo (MC) method, was performed using a subject-specific finite element (FE) model generated from in vivo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, subjected to two different loading conditions. Specifically, the effects of inherent uncertainty in ligament stiffness, horn attachment stiffness, and articular surface material properties were assessed using multifactorial global sensitivity analysis. The MRI images were taken before and after axial compression, and when the flexion condition had been maintained at up to 90 degree flexion in the subject-specific knee joint. The loading conditions of the probabilistic subject-specific FE model (axial compression and 90 degree flexion) were similar to the MRI acquisition setup. We were able to detect the influence of material parameters while maintaining the potential effect of parametric interactions. Throughout the in silico property optimization, a subject-specific FE model was used and less sensitive parameters were eliminated in the global sensitivity method. Soft tissue material properties were estimated using an optimization procedure that involved the minimization of the differences between the kinematics predicted by the subject-specific model and those obtained through in vivo subject-specific data. The results of this approach suggest that the articular surface mechanical properties could be found by using in vivo measurements, which clarifies the valuable tool for future subject-specific studies related to TF joint scaffolds, allografts and biologics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1390-1400, 2017.
This paper proposes how to effectively retrieve the mathematical equations when the plain words are given as a query. The proposed system requires no complicated mathematical symbols, no particular input tool and no constraint of query. Users can enter a query with plain words like the traditional Information Retrieval. For this, we extract features from the plain texts that are converted from the real math equations. Experimental results show an outstanding performance, a MRR of 0.6585.
SUMMARYIn this paper, we study how to automatically classify mathematical expressions written in MathML (Mathematical Markup Language). It is an essential preprocess to resolve analysis problems originated from multi-meaning mathematical symbols. We first define twelve equation classes based on chapter information of mathematics textbooks and then conduct various experiments. Experimental results show an accuracy of 94.75%, by employing the feature combination of tags, operators, strings, and "identifier & operator" bigram.
Shape control is always a key issue in the six-high rolling mill, in which the shifting of the intermediate roll and the work roll have been used to enhance the shape control capability. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) model has been developed to simultaneously simulate the strip deformation and the roll stack deformation for the six-high rolling mill. The effects of the work-roll bending, the shifting of the intermediate roll and the work roll on the strip crown and edge drop are discussed in details. Results have shown that both higher bending force and more roll shifting will significantly reduce the strip crown. The edge drop is also reduced with the bending force and the roll shifting.
Background: Increased frequency of comminuted clavicle mid-shaft fractures and importance of functional satisfaction through early joint exercise has resulted in higher emphasis on surgical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical radiological results of treatment of clavicle mid-shaft fractures by open reduction and internal fixation using a plate with a small incision. Methods: The subjects of this study were 80 clavicle mid-shaft fracture cases treated with internal fixation using a plate from October 2010 to July 2014. Clavicle mid-shaft fractures were internally fixated using anatomical plates or locking compression plates. Achievement of bone union, union period, and clavicle length shortening were evaluated radiologically, and clinical assessment was done by using Constant and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Results: All 80 cases were confirmed to have achieved bone union through radiographs with an average union period of 10.9 weeks (range: 7-18 weeks). The average clavicle length of shortening in the affected side was 1.8 mm (range: 0-17 mm). The average UCLA score and Constant score were 33.6 (range: 25-35) and 92.5 (range: 65-100), respectively. Regarding complications, four cases reported skin irritation by metal plates, and one case reported a screw insertion site fracture due to minor trauma history. Conclusions: We were able to induce successful bone union and obtain clinically satisfactory results in displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle without major complications such as nonunion through treatment of internal fixation using a plate.
The authors propose an ecology-centered paradigm pursuing a harmonious relationship between mankind and the natural world and all of its living beings is a solution that enables man and nature to survive together. The realization of a way of living and social institutions that promote the co-prosperity of man and nature will require significant changes in Education. Accordingly, the will to achieve the goal should be equally strong. They argue that first change needed is in the mind-set and our behavior. Therefore, we need to change the direction of education first. Efforts should be made to break away from the education of the industrial era. The paradigm of education should be shifted from nature-exploitative education to new one, namely ‘nature-friendly education’. Most countries have used school education as a tool for economic growth, and consequently school education was mobilized in conquering and exploiting nature. Now the direction of school education should be reset toward nature-friendly education. In this attempt to shifting paradigm in education, Confucius’ ren-motivated education and learning proffers a satisfactory perspective.
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