To determine the effect of insulin glargine on glycemic control in pediatric type 1 and 2 diabetes, a retrospective repeated-measure analysis of variance was performed of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), frequency of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, mean blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and daily weight-adjusted insulin dosage before and after institution of glargine therapy in 72 children and adolescents with diabetes. At glargine start, age range was 1.2-19.6 years, mean age was 12.5 +/- 4.6 years, BMI was 22.48 +/- 6.3 kg/m(2), and mean HbA1C was 9.7 +/- 1.9%. Mean duration of diabetes was 3.58 years, and mean baseline insulin dose was 0.93 U/kg/day. Gender breakdown was 60% female, and the majority (83%) had type 1 diabetes. Average HbA1C decreased from 9.5% pre-glargine to 8.6% post-glargine (p < 0.001). HbA1C decrease was significant in both types of diabetes without a concomitant increase in frequency of hypoglycemia, BMI, or weight-adjusted insulin dose. Hypoglycemia decreased significantly in type 1 diabetes. Thus, glargine therapy may decrease HbA1C and frequency of hypoglycemia in toddlers, children, and adolescents with diabetes, without an increase in BMI or insulin requirements.

This study failed to demonstrate that combined use of ZA and ADT significantly prolonged TTTF in men with treatment-naive prostate cancer and bone metastasis. However, it generates a new hypothesis that the combined therapy could delay the development of castration resistance in a subgroup of patients with low baseline prostate-specific antigen values <200 ng/mL. The treatment also significantly prolonged TTfSRE but did not affect OS.

The J-POPS, a nationwide prospective cohort study that enrolled approximately 40 % of all PI cases in Japan, will provide highly reliable evidence, including outcomes and quality of life, after long-term follow-up.

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BackgroundThe incidence and associated factors of loose seed migration were investigated in cohort 1 of the Japanese Prostate Cancer Outcome Study of Permanent Iodine-125 Seed Implantation (J-POPS).MethodsThe study subjects were 2160 patients, consisting of 1641 patients who underwent permanent iodine-125 seed implantation (PI) and 519 patients who underwent PI combined with external beam radiation therapy (PI + EBRT). The presence or absence of seed migration to the chest and abdominal/pelvic region was determined.ResultsSeed migration was observed in 22.7 % of PI group patients and 18.1 % of PI + EBRT group patients (p = 0.0276). Migration to the lungs and abdominal/pelvic region was observed in 14.6 % and 11.1 % of the patients in the PI group, and 11.2 % and 8.5 % of the patients in the PI + EBRT group, respectively. In the PI group, the number of implanted seeds was associated with the seed migration incidence. Neither the PI nor the PI + EBRT group showed any difference in the volume of the prostate receiving 100 % of the prescribed dose (V100 [%]) or the minimal dose received by 90 % of the prostate volume (D90 [Gy]) between the patients with and without seed migration.ConclusionsThis prospective cohort study investigating the largest number of past cases showed no difference in D90 (Gy) or V100 (%) between seed migration or the absence thereof in both the PI group and PI + EBRT group.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00534196