binocular disparity is the most sensitive physiological depth cue for 3D objects with a size and distance of ≈10 m or less (Figure 1a). [5] Eyeglasses-based stereoscopy has been representative for raising binocular depth cues, but the vergenceaccommodation conflict limits their comfort and applicability significantly. [6] Recently, the holographic stereoscopic [7][8][9][10] and multiview displays [11][12][13][14] have been suggested as a promising alternative to the eyeglasses-based stereoscopic. The observation of the two different floating 2D holographic images by both eyes produces binocular disparity without the vergenceaccommodation conflict. However, conventional holographic stereograms using micrometer-scale pixels suffer from undesired multiple diffraction orders, that duplicate the same holographic images, and the narrowing of the viewing angle by only a few degrees. [7,15,16] To widen the viewing angle, complex optics, such as multiple spatial light modulators [8] and microlens arrays, [9] and their precise control are required.Optical metasurfaces consisting of meta-atoms arranged on the sub-wavelength scale can display holographic images over a wide viewing angle without multiple diffraction orders. [17][18][19][20] Owing to the large-scale integration of high-performance metaatoms, optical metasurfaces enable to manipulate the wavefront of light exquisitely without requiring complex optics and to implement a variety of 3D holograms with advanced features and functions such as polarization-/helicity-/angle-dependent multiplexing, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] complete control of the holographic amplitude and phase, [28][29][30] bright, multicolor holography, [31][32][33] and active and programmable holograms. [34,35] However, research on metasurface-based 3D hologram displays has focused only on the creation of monocular depth cues so far. [19,28,30,32,35] In this research, we present a novel method based on optical metasurfaces to generate holographic stereograms addressing binocular depth cues. The optical metasurface consists of several hologram pieces which produce directionally propagating holographic wavefronts and display 2D holographic images suitable for stereopsis without mutual cross-talk ( Figure 1b). We developed a modified Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm involving a spatial Fourier filter to calculate the phase and amplitude distribution of the metasurface for holographic stereogram generation. The demonstrated metasurface displays a high-quality transmissive holographic stereogram of a 3D structure with a volume of 25 × 25 × 25 µm 3 over a wide viewing angle of more than ±30°. We expect that in the future, large-scale optical metasurfaces with enough meta-atoms to simultaneously produce all the monocular Holographic stereography providing binocular depth cues is one of the most promising technologies for 3D displays. However, conventional holographic stereograms based on micrometer-scale pixels suffer from multiple diffraction orders and narrow viewing angles. Optical metasurfaces with s...
Plasmomechanical systems have received considerable interest in mediating the strong interaction between the optical field and mechanical motion. However, typical plasmomechanical systems based on mechanical oscillators that are significantly larger than the wavelength of light do not take full advantage of the optical field concentration beyond the optical diffraction limit of the employed plasmonic resonators. Here we present a full three-dimensional wavelength-scale plasmomechanical resonator consisting of a plasmonic nano-antenna and a hydrogen silsesquioxane nano-wall. The experimental results demonstrated the precise detection of longitudinal mechanical oscillation on a picometer scale, and we investigated the tunability and thermoelastic effect of the mechanical resonance.
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