We report a magnetic-field-assisted electric-field-controlled approach to rotate magnetic stripe domains in a magnetoelectric Ni-microbar/[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68–[PbTiO3]0.32 heterostructure. A magnetic field is applied for magnetizing the microbar’s stripe domains along the microbar’s short/magnetic-hard axis. Subsequently, an electric field is applied for induction of a transformation of domains through the converse magnetoelectric effect. Owing to the microbar’s geometry, the transformation causes the stripe domains to rotate away from the short/magnetic-hard axis toward the long/magnetic-easy axis. The rotation angle increases in proportion to the increasing electric field intensity. A maximal rotation of 90° is obtained at the electric field intensity of 0.8 MV/m. The rotation state persists after removing the electric field.
This study verified general inferences on the finger and palm pressure distribution of a basketball player in the moment before that player shoots a basketball through a scientific qualitative testing method. We mounted the sensor on the hands of college basketball players and monitored the dynamic pressure of each player's hand while the player threw a basketball. The dynamic pressure distribution of the fingers and palm of a basketball player throwing a ball can be verified. According to the experimental results, college basketball players typically use the index finger to control the direction and power of force in the moment before shooting a basketball. This study successfully used a scientific qualitative test method to monitor the dynamic pressure of the fingers and palms of basketball players and verified the general inference that a typical basketball player mainly uses the index finger to control the direction and power of force in the moment before throwing a ball. In the future, this study, measuring the dynamic pressure distribution of the fingers and palm, can be applied to simulate hand manipulation in many biomedical and robotic applications.
In this paper, we report a novel nanoelectromagnetic system using multiferroic/magnetoelectric Ni-nano-chevron/PMN-PT heterostructure to demonstrate an electric-field-controlled permanent magnetic single-domain transformation. The heterostructure consists of a magnetostrictive Ni-nano-chevron, Pt top and bottom electrodes, and a piezoelectric PMN-PT substrate. In initial state (as demagnetized), the magnetization of the magnetic single-domain is stably along the long axis of the nano-chevron. A magnetic field of 3000 Oe (along 45 degree of nano-chevron) is applied to magnetize the Ni-nano-chevron from stable single-domain to metastable two-domains. After this, an electric field of 0.8MV/m is applied to the PMN-PT substrate to produce the converse magnetoelectric effect to transform the two-domains. After the electric field is removed, the two-domains are further transformed back to the single-domain. Finally, when comparing the domains before and after applying our approach, approximately 50 % of single-domains are successfully and permanently switched (i.e., magnetization-direction is permanently rotated 180 degrees).
In this paper, we report an electrical control of magnetic multi-domain-walls transformation in an N-shape-patterned Ni nanostructures on a piezoelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68–[PbTiO3]0.32 substrate. Based on the converse-magnetoelectric-effect induced domain-wall transformation and the specific N-shape geometry guided domain-wall motion, the domain walls are successfully transformed by an applied electric field of 0.8 MV/m from the transverse domain wall state into the flux closure vortex domain state. These experimental results achieve the electrical control of multi-domain-walls transformation and would create more data storage and memory applications in the future.
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