SPRR1B is a valid biomarker for the study of the molecular mechanisms of squamous metaplasia. There is a definitive link between inflammation and squamous metaplasia in autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease, with IL1beta and IFNgamma likely acting as key participants.
The NBI could roughly estimate the degree of dysplasia. Differentiating between ND, MD, SD, and CIS, which may be useful for clinicians on selecting suitable therapies.
Aims
Low‐grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma (LGPSC) is a rare and newly described entity of the sinonasal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics in order to identify typical features for differential diagnosis.
Methods and results
Of the 3000 cases of sinonasal tumour studied during a period of 6 years, five cases were reviewed and diagnosed as LGPSC. All five patients were female (mean age, 47.8 years; range, 18–64 years) and had undergone multiple surgeries (3–10 surgeries). Both the sinonasal tract and the middle ear were involved in four patients. Nodal metastasis occurred in two patients, and one patient developed a distant metastasis to the left lung. Histologically, tumours had branched and crowded papillae with pushing boundaries. Tumour epithelia were multilayered and arranged in an orderly pattern without cilia. No malignant cytological features were observed in any of the cases. Immunohistochemical findings revealed a scattered distribution of Ki67‐positive cells and positive staining for epithelial membrane antigen, mainly in the outermost‐layer cells. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was found in two patients and genotyped as HPV type 16. Sanger sequencing did not reveal any epidermal growth factor receptor or Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue gene mutation in the five cases.
Conclusions
We report on five new cases of LGPSC, and confirm LGPSC as a new sinonasal carcinoma that behaves aggressively with metastatic potential. The combination of clinical behaviour and typical histological features can distinguish LGPSC from sinonasal papilloma and other carcinomas.
Purpose
To explore non-invasive, protein-based, membrane array technology as a means to evaluate the global immune and angiogenic profile of tear proteins in patients with active ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).
Methods
Forty-three proteins consisting of cytokines, angiogenic/growth factors, and immuno-inflammatory modulators were measured by membrane array in tear samples of four control patients and four OCP patients during active disease and after treatment.
Results
Signals for several distinct and consistent molecular entities were upregulated in all four active OCP tear samples relative to controls. In particular, IL-8 and MMP-9 were elevated during active disease and decreased following systemic immunomodulatory therapy.
Conclusions
Protein array analysis may provide a well-tolerated assay to monitor levels of inflammatory markers in the tears of OCP patients in response to therapy.
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in a Japanese population with the same socioeconomic background was investigated. Insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene located on intron 16 was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Association between ACE gene polymorphism and family history of essential hypertension as well as the development of vascular damage in eye fundi were also investigated. Variation at ACE loci did not contribute to essential hypertension and the vascular damages in eye fundi. These results suggest that the ACE gene was not directly responsible for essential hypertension in this particular Japanese population with the same socioeconomic background.
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