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Purpose Although the halal orientation strategy (HOS) plays a key role in protecting the halal status of any product, research on the impacts of HOS on the financial performance of halal firms is lacking in the literature. As the main objective of all companies is to maximize their profit, this study aims to examine the influence of HOS on the financial performance of halal food firms with respect to halal culture as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from a survey of 154 halal food firms in Malaysia and were analyzed using the partial least squares technique. Findings The results indicate that halal materials and halal storage and transportation positively affect financial performance, whereas the halal production process negatively affects financial performance. It is also interesting to observe that halal culture moderates the relationship between the production process and the financial performance of the firm. Practical implications The findings can help managers of halal food firms to enhance the financial performance of their respective firms by investing in HOS and giving attention to halal culture. It also helps decision makers to understand the importance of revising requirements for halal certification. Originality/value This study also contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the relationship between HOS and the financial performance of halal food firms.

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Effects of nano-kaolin incorporation into semolina films on the physical, mechanical, thermal, barrier and antimicrobial properties of the resulting bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. The properties included crystal structure (by X-ray diffraction), mechanical resistance, color, Fourier transform infrared spectra, decomposition temperature, water-vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Kaolin was incorporated into biofilms at various amounts (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 %, w/w total solid). All films were plasticized with 50 % (w/w total solid) combination of sorbitol/glycerol at 3:1 ratio. The incorporation of nanokaolin into semolina films decreased OP and WVP. The moisture content and water solubility of the films were found to decrease by nanokaolin reinforcement, and mechanical properties of films were improved by increasing nanokaolin concentration. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased from 3.41 to 5.44 MPa and from 63.12 to 136.18, respectively, and elongation-at-break decreased. The films did not exhibit UV absorption. In conclusion, nanokaolin incorporation enhanced the barrier and mechanical properties of semolina films, indicating the potential application of these bio-nanocomposites in food-product packaging.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to devise and test a model of halal logistic service quality. Design/methodology/approach To develop the halal logistics service quality model, the relevant literature was reviewed and a qualitative study was carried out on halal logistics service providers and their customers. A survey of 253 halal food and beverage firms in Malaysia was conducted, and based on the results, a model was developed and tested empirically. Findings Based on the literature review, interviews, pretest and empirical study, a valid and reliable measurement instrument for halal logistics service quality was developed. Practical implications The findings can help managers of halal logistics service providers to understand the criteria that halal food and beverage firms are considered to judge the quality of halal logistics services. Originality/value This study makes a valuable contribution by proposing a halal logistics service quality model.

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