Background and aims. All-on-four technique involves the use of tilted implants to allow for shorter cantilevers. This finite element analysis aimed at investigating the amount and distribution of stress in maxillary bone surrounding the implants with all-on-four vs. frequently used method with six implants technique using different numbers and inclination angles.Materials and methods. A 3D edentulous maxillary model was created and implants were virtually placed anterior to the maxillary sinus and splinted with a superstructure. In total, five models were designed. In the first to the fourth models, four implants were placed with distal implants inclined 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees, respectively. In the fifth model, six vertical implants were placed. 100 N loading was placed in the left most distal region of the superstructure. Maximum von Mises stress values were evaluated in cancellous and cortical bone.Results. The maximum stress values recorded in cancellous and cortical bone were 7.15 MPa and 51.69 MPa, respectively (model I). The reduction in stress values in models II to V 6%, 18%, 54%, and 24% in cancellous bone and 12%, 36%,62%, and 62% in cortical bone, respectively.Conclusion. Increasing the inclination in posterior implants resulted in reduction of cantilever length and maximum stress decline in both cancellous and cortical bone. The effect of cantilever length seems to be a dominant factor which can diminish stress even with less number of implants.

Considering the benefits of the FMD method, such as patient and dentist comfort, systemic effects, and its cost-effectiveness, use of this method is suggested in patients suffering from periodontitis.

The essential oil of ziziphora exhibited a favourable antibacterial effect on ; therefore, its extract can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent alone or in association with other antibiotics in the treatment of infections due to.

Background. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth caused by specific microorganisms or a group of microorganisms and, if not treated, leads to progressive degradation of the supporting tissues and subsequent loss of the teeth affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IL-36γ on periodontitis by enhancing the TLR4 and MAPK signaling pathways. Methods. In this pilot study, 50 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis and 50 individuals with healthy periodontium, who were candidates for crown lengthening (CL), were selected based on inclusion criteria. The tissue samples were taken during pocket depth surgery (for the test group) and CL surgery (for the control group). The macrophage cells of the inflammatory tissues were extracted and stimulated by TLR4 proteins in a time-dependent manner; then IL-36γ levels in macrophages were investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations and frequency percentages). Repeat measurement test was used to compare IL36γ expression in MAPK and TLR4 pathways at different time intervals. ANCOVA was used to compare IL36γ expression at different time intervals between the two pathways. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 at a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The results of the current study showed a significant relation between TLR4 and IL-36γ (P<0.001); in tissues with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis, there was a significant relation between the condition and IL-36γ (P<0.0001). This study also showed that TLR4 and MAPK levels increased in the presence of IL-36γ. Conclusion. According to the present study, it was concluded that IL-36γ concentrations increased in periodontitis, which could trigger MAPK and TLR4 pathways.

Zataria multiflora Boiss' essential oil is a natural product that would be able to effect on food-borne bacteria. In this research ethanol based antimicrobial zein edible films containing added 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 % (w/v) Zataria multiflora and glycerol as a plasticizer were created. The films were effective against Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus.

Introduction: Management of pain after dental procedures is one of the most important issues for dentists. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as ibuprofen, are one of the most commonly used medications to relieve pain. Recently a new medication, Novafen, has been introduced into the Iranian pharmaceutical market, which is a combination of ibuprofen, acetaminophen and caffeine. Considering the importance of management of pain after periodontal surgeries and a paucity of studies in this respect, the present study was undertaken to compare the analgesic efficacy of Novafen and ibuprofen in alleviating pain after periodontal surgeries. Materials and methods: In the present controlled randomized clinical trial, 30 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis, who were candidates for flap surgeries were evaluated in two groups with 30 areas in each group (two areas in each patient). After the periodontal surgical procedures, the subjects in group 1 received Novafen capsules (containing 325 mg of acetaminophen, 200 mg of ibuprofen and 40 mg of caffeine) and the subjects in group 2 received ibuprofen (400 mg). The medications were selected from one pharmaceutical company and the patients only used the medications they received. The severity of pain was determined and compared at 3-minute, 1-hour and 3-hour intervals using VAS and 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively using VRS. Results: Severity of pain at 30-minute interval in the Novafen group was significantly less than that in the ibuprofen group, with no significant differences at 1- and 3-hour intervals. However, VRS revealed significantly less pain 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively in the Novafen group compared to the ibuprofen group. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded than Novafen can be more effective after periodontal surgeries in alleviating pain. However, its pain control capacity was similar to that of ibuprofen during the early postoperative hours, with better performance 1‒3  days postoperatively.Key words: Novafen; ibuprofen; pain relief; periodontal surgery; Analgesia;

Background: The chemical disinfectants used for reducing the plaque accumulation should have the least side-effects on the surface of the denture base. This study investigates the impact of Nanosil D2 solution on the surface roughness of acrylic denture base in the laboratory. Methods: This experiment was conducted on 44 Acropars acrylic resin samples that were divided equally into the experimental (n=22) and control (n=22) groups through random selection. The surface roughness of all samples was measured by using the PS1 profilometer according to Ra and Rz. Then, for eight hours, the control samples were put in the water and the experimental samples were put in Nanosil disinfectant solution, and then the samples were extracted and put in distilled water for 16 hours. The disinfectant solution was changed once in a day and this process continued for 180 days. After 180 days, the surface roughness of the samples was measured once again. The data was evaluated through SPSS software 17. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean Ra between pre-test and post-test values in each group (P>0.05); however, after immersion in the solutions, the mean Ra was significantly more in Nanosil group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean Rz in Nanosil group before and after immersion in the solution, (P<0.05); however, there was not any difference in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of Nanosil D2 solution for disinfecting the acrylic denture base in 180 days and 8 hours per day simulating four years, does not cause significant changes in its surface roughness.

Background. Periodontal disease is a chronic polymicrobial infectious condition. Non-surgical treatments, including scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjunctive treatments, are among the recommended treatment options for this condition. This study investigated the effect of probiotic supplementation in the form of mouthwash with SRP on periodontal indices in patients with stage III grade A generalized periodontitis. Methods. Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=18) and received SRP treatment along with a placebo in one group and probiotic supplementation in the other. After SRP, the test group used daily probiotics for 20 days. The control group subjects were treated only with SRP and placebo mouthwash. Periodontal indices were determined at three time intervals: at baseline and after one and three months. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. P<0.05 was considered statistically significantd. Results. There were significant differences in BOP levels in both the test and control groups between different intervals, with no significant difference between the groups. The significance of changes in the CAL and PI indices were similar to those in BOP. There were significant differences in PD levels between the groups after one and three months using the mouthwash. There were also significant differences between the PD values at different intervals in both groups. Conclusion. This study’s results showed that probiotic supplementation as a mouthwash, along with SRP, had a positive effect on periodontal indices in patients with stage III and grade A generalized periodontitis.