Background: In the Indian Traditional system of Medicine, the herbal drug Aerva lanata was widely used in the management of urolithiasis. In the present study, a bioenhancer was used to evaluate the potential of constituents quercetin and betulin isolated from the plant A.lanata. Objective: In the present study, the isolated compounds quercetin and betulin from the plant A.lanata were screened for in vivo anti-urolithiasis and nephroprotective activities. Methodology: In the Wistar albino rats, urolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) to study the anti-urolithiatic activity. The animals were divided into seven groups of 6 animals in each group (n=6). The study period was for 28-day treatment with quercetin and betulin in combination with piperine as bio enhancers in nephrolithiasis induced rats. The Nephroprotective effect was also investigated in Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity animal model. Cystone (750 mg/kg) was used as a standard. Biochemical parameters such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and creatinine in the serum were determined. Renal calculi were determined in kidney homogenate and histopathology was also examined. Results: With the test drug treatment, animals showed increased urine volume significantly, also the renal tissue exhibited a reduction in the calculi formation. In the disease control animals, there was an increase in the serum BUN, uric acid, and creatinine significantly. Serum analysis revealed a significant reduction (*p<0.001) in the levels of BUN, uric acid, and creatinine in treated rats. Histopathological studies disclosed an improvement in the anatomical aspect of renal tissue. Conclusion: It was concluded that quercetin and betulin exhibited anti-urolithiatic effect by a reduction in the formation of calculi. The current study provided a rationale for the combination of piperine, quercitin, and betulin.
A well-known traditional herb Aerva lanata, broadly used in India for treatment of different ailments such as urolithiasis. Pashanabheda is used as antiurolithiatic in Ayurveda. In the present study, flowers of A. lanata were selected for isolation of active constituents and screening for in vitro antiurolithiatic potentials, as literature supports that flowers have the highest quantity of natural components when compared with the other parts. Hydroalcoholic (80%-water, 20%-alcohol) extract of A. lanata flowers was prepared and fractionation with different organic solvents.. The two fractions (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) were subjected to isolation of active constituents using column chromatography technique, followed by purification of the isolated constituents by preparative high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)and then the individual components were characterized by IR spectrophotometery. Finally, in vitro antiurolithiatic activity was screened by nucleation and aggregation assay. In the aggregation assay, gradual decrease in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal nucleation as well as growth was observed by light microscopy. The findings of the nucleation assay indicate that phytoconstituents inhibited the crystallization of CaOx in solution. The size and the number of calcium oxalate crystals decreased with increasing concentration of the phytoconstituents. The increasing concentrations of Quercetin and betulin (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/mL) inhibited the CaOx crystal growth. The isolated quercetin and betulin from A. lanata have shown antiurolithiatic effect by significantly reducing the CaOx crystal growth.
Screening and comparison of antimicrobial action of leaf extract of Aerva lanata and Momordica charantia. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of leaves of plants were screened for antimicrobial activity using the cup plate method and the spread plate method against gram positive and gram negative reference organisms (Bacillus substilis and Escherichia coli).The standard antibacterial agent used for reference is Choramphenicol and the results were calculated as zone of inhibition. Methanolic extract showed comparatively broader and better antimicrobial spectrum than ethyl acetate extract in selected plants. Plant extracts showed dose dependent action, results were similar to the action of the standard Choramphenicol. Extracts of Aerva lanata and Momordica charantia demonstrated antimicrobial activity on tested microorganisms. Methanolic extracts showed higher antimicrobial potential than ethyl acetate extract. Aerva lanata extracts showed better response than Momordica charantia extracts in the cup plate method antibacterial activity with Bacillus substilis and Escherichia coli.
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