This review explains the importance of polysaccharide derivatives in removing heavy metals and dyes from contaminated materials. With rising urbanization and industrialization, the availability of heavy metals and dyes in the environment is increasing. Heavy metals can cause a variety of health problems in individuals and offer major environmental dangers. This paper uses diverse techniques to discuss the most recent improvements in metal ion and dye adsorption from wastewater. Various derivatives of natural polymers can be used as good adsorbents for removing heavy metals and dyes from industrial wastewater and treated water released into the environment, lowering the risk of human disease and environmental problems. According to literature reviews, removing heavy metal ions from industrial effluent benefits both people and the environment. Graft copolymers are the most effective heavy metal ion and dye removal adsorbents, and the majority of them obey the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. Also, an overview of each grafted co-polymers of polysaccharides for the adsorption of metal ions and dyes is mentioned in this review.
Background: Polysaccharides are a type of natural macromolecular polymer that can be found in plants, animals, fungi, algae, and marine organisms. Its activities have piqued the interest of researchers. The internal structure, as well as their chemical and physical properties, dictate how they work. Polysaccharide functionalities are progressively being chemically changed. Using this approach, polysaccharides' structural, physicochemical, and biological properties can all be altered. Aim and Methods: The review sought to provide an overview of polysaccharide modification but also biological use. Recent research has shown that chemically modifying polysaccharides may increase their immunological function as well as their antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, as well as other characteristics. There are several chemical modifications, including sulfation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and others. Modified polysaccharide recent developments are reviewed. Discussion and result: Polysaccharide physiochemical properties and biological activity can change as their structural properties change. The structural modifications that occur depend on the source of the polysaccharides. Chemical modification has enormous promise for enhancing biomedical applications. These modified polysaccharides have made significant contributions to tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Modification of polysaccharides induces therapeutic benefits. The immunomodulation of polysaccharides and their derivatives, as well as their chemical modification, has been studied and discussed. Conclusion: These modified polysaccharides have the potential to be used for wound dressing, gene delivery, drug delivery, etc.
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