Head and neck vascular variations are common in human beings, but often go undetected. They are generally asymptomatic. Awareness of such anatomical variations is clinically important for surgeons and interventional radiologists as they may pose risk for iatrogenic complications or even the potential for unanticipated fatalities.Although aortic arch variations are relatively common in human fetuses, variations of its branches, i.e. the brachiocephalic trunk, the subclavian arteries, the vertebral arteries, and the common carotid arteries, are observed and/or described variably and fairly infrequently during human cadaveric dissection.When aberrant subclavian arteries are described in adults, they frequently involve the right side and are usually retroesophageal. In such cases, the right brachiocephalic trunk is absent. The following four branches of the aortic arch found most commonly then are: a left subclavian artery, an aberrant left vertebral artery, and right and left common carotid arteries. During cadaveric dissection of a 76 year‐old White male, we observed an additional fifth branch: an accessory left vertebral artery. A combination of five such aortic arch vessels in a single individual may be rare.Disclaimer: The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author/speaker and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or any other agency of the U.S. Government.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
It is known that the palmaris longus muscle is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. The palmaris longus muscle has a high morphological diversity and variations are frequently reported in the literature. Recognizing anatomical variation in the palmaris longus muscle and tendon is important for clinical associations such as neurovascular entrapment and compression, as well as tendon graft and transfer for reconstruction. While neglecting to identify palmaris longus variations rarely leads to an increase in mortality, it is essential to identify for clinical relevance. During anatomical dissection of fifty cadavers in the 2020 undergraduate first‐year anatomy course at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), we found two separate cases of accessory heads of the palmaris longus muscle. The first case involved a preserved 86‐year‐old White Female who had one unilateral accessory head of the left palmaris longus muscle. The second case involved a preserved 81‐year‐old White Male who had a unilateral pair of accessory heads of the right palmaris longus muscle.
Anatomical variations of the psoas muscles are rare, with only a few examples reported in the literature. Typical musculature consists of two psoas muscles on the posterior abdominal wall. These include the psoas major, which is universally present in the human population, and the psoas minor, an inconsistent, but commonly occurring muscle. Other rarely reported psoas variants include the psoas tertius and psoas quartus muscles. Both are predicted to play a role in femoral nerve compression due to their proximity to the femoral nerve and their location on the posterior abdominal wall. Here we report the presence of both psoas quartus and psoas tertius muscles, as well as the discovery of a previously unreported psoas variant, which we have named psoas quintus. The muscle was discovered during a routine dissection of the left posterior abdominal wall of a 57‐year‐old Caucasian male. The psoas quintus had a proximal attachment via a slender tendon to the body of the L3 vertebrae and spread to the area of the anterior superior iliac spine by a relatively broad tendon. Its muscles fibers were oriented distinctly from those of the iliacus muscle below and the psoas quartus medially.
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