Experimental results of steady dimples measured in elliptical glass-steel contact under pure sliding conditions are presented. It is found that two dimples connected with a shallower furrow are generated, each near an end of the major radius of the contact ellipse. The complete solution of the corresponding thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) problem is calculated numerically. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical results. This agreement can be explained by the temperature-viscosity wedge mechanism. Correctness of this mechanism is demonstrated using additional experiments with ceramic balls in contact with glass and sapphire disks.
Spin of light provides a route to control photons. Spin-based optical devices which can manipulate photons with different spin states are imperative. Here we experimentally demonstrated a spin-selected metasurface lens based on the spin-orbit interaction originated from the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. The optimized PB phase enables the light with different spin states to be focused on two separated points in the preset plane. Furthermore, the metasurface lens can perform the spin-selected imaging according to the polarization of the illuminating light. Such a spin-based device capacitates a lot of advanced applications for spin-controlled photonics in quantum information processing and communication based on the spin and orbit angular momentum.
A Au colloid was prepared in a 5 mM HAuCl 4 solution through irradiation with a focused infrared femtosecond laser at 800 nm. The Au colloid was characterized by absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The appearance of absorption peak around 526 nm in the absorption spectra and the wine-red color of sample solution HAuCl 4 under focused laser irradiation verified the formation of Au colloid. The solution color changed in the order of yellow → orange → wine-red due to the local formation of Au nanoparticles near the focus. The pulse energy, focus position of laser beam, and solvent composite play important roles in formation, grain size, and stability of the Au colloid. A mechanism for the precipitate of Au nanoparticles was proposed, and a multiphoton process of femtosecond laser was involved.
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