Aquaculture is a rapidly growing economic sector and a plethora of protein sources for human consumption (Hayatgheib et al., 2020). However, diseases cause a 50% production loss of this industry (Gabriel, 2019). Antibiotics and 'traditional' chemical therapeutics are administered to minimize the economic impact (Van Doan et al., 2019; Lieke et al., 2020). However, the recurrent use of antibiotics in aquaculture system is not only hampering fish metabolism but also the environment and public health. This harmful effect allows horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes among diverse species with the collaboration of bacterial population, which leads to drugresistant pathogens (Watts et al., 2017). Vaccine is also used to treat the aquaculture diseases; however, it is relatively expensive and not effective for broad-spectrum use (Plant & LaPatra, 2011). As a result, alternative sustainable strategies followed by substitutes for antibiotics, vaccines, or other chemical therapeutics, are highly needed that are characterized as immunostimulants by a broad-spectrum activity, which contribute to ARTICLE INFO
The soybean is a valuable legume crop cultivated for its oil and protein which is used widely as food for humans and feed for livestock as well as in biofuel production. The genetic improvement of the soybean needs to be accelerated to boost its productivity and enhance its resilience to changing environments. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful and robust genome editing system for manipulating traits of various crop plants including soybean. This cutting-edge biotechnological tool has been extensively used as a means for improving crop quality and yields, disease-resistance, tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, and production of plant-based materials. This review presents a brief mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system followed by its application in soybean improvement. It also highlights some prospects of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in soybean research.
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