Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with peripheral insulin resistance. The currently used therapies aim to delay progression of T2DM. Their efficacy could drastically be improved if implemented at earlier stages. Classical diagnostic markers (blood glucose and HbA1C) are generally detected once metabolic imbalance has already set in. Therefore, development of biomarkers for early diagnosis would help identify individuals at risk for developing T2DM. Along with genetic predisposition, epigenetics also plays a major role in T2DM development. In this review, we discuss the potential role of early diagnostic markers such as circulating miRNAs, studies done so far and challenges to be considered while taking into account the novel role of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers.
Regression testing of web applications is a costly activity as it tends to generate more test cases than the previous stages of software testing. This cost can be reduced significantly by identifying and testing only the modified parts of a web application. This will require locating the changes that have been introduced in the web application from the previous version that was tested.In this paper we have introduced an automated tool for locating the changes in the web application which will thereby aid in effective regression testing of the application. This tool compromise of 3 parts, a) a web crawler that crawls the web application, b) an HTML DOM tree generator that generates the DOM tree for a specified web page, c) an comparator that compares the new DOM tree with a previous version of the DOM tree stored in our system.
Water is frequently referred as a universal solvent, because of its ability to dissolve almost all substances that comes in its contact. Some elements are essential in trace amount for human being as well as animals while higher concentration of the same can cause toxic effects. Fluoride is one of them which is 13 th prevalent naturally occurring element in earth"s crust. Since it is most electronegative of all chemical elements, it rarely exists in elemental form. As the ground water passes through the fluoride rich rocks, it carries fluoride with it, hence most of the fluoride is found in ground water than surface water.Excess intake of F results in fluorosis which is a chronic condition affecting both humans and animals and is endemic in many parts of the world including India (Khandare et al., 2005). In India, fluorosis is essentially hydrofluorosis and is endemic in parts of Punjab,
In today's world web applications have increasingly become very popular, and with the same speed they are been upgraded frequently. This poses a big challenge for web application testing. To ensure web application quality, we must perform adequate testing for the new features as well as regression testing the web application in each of iteration. This requires us to systematically identify/locate changes introduced in the new iteration. This paper surveys various tools which identify/locate new changes, which greatly facilitates web application testing in short release cycles. Also we will describe what are web crawler's and show how crawlers can aid in regression testing of web applications.
The SouthWestern region of Punjab is endemic for hydrofluorosis and the livestock consuming fluoride rich water exhibit dental mottling and skeletal fluorosis. The present study was conducted in fluoritic areas of Mansa district of Punjab with an aim to find out the concentration of fluoride in urine and milk of dairy animals in relation to varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water of fluorotic areas and non fluoritic areas. For this, eight urine samples and six milk samples were collected from livestock consuming water having fluoride concentration upto 8 ppm. Urinary and milk F level was significantly high in dairy animals from the fluorotic area, ranging from 10 to 30 mg/l and 0.4 to 0.8mg/l respectively as compared to animals from non fluorotic area that varied from 3-4 mg/l F in urine and 0.04 to 0.08mg/l F in milk.
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