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The current studies entail systematic quality by design (QbD)-based development of a simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective stability-indicating method for the estimation of olmesartan medoxomil. Quality target method profile was defined and critical analytical attributes (CAAs) for the reverse-phase liquid chromatography method earmarked. Chromatographic separation accomplished on a C18 column using acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% orthophosphoric acid, pH 3.5) in 40 : 60 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 243 nm. Risk assessment studies and screening studies facilitated comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting CAAs. The mobile phase ratio and flow rate were identified as critical method parameters (CMPs) and were systematically optimized using face-centered cubic design, evaluating for CAAs, namely peak area, retention time, theoretical plates and peak tailing. Statistical modelization was accomplished followed by response surface analysis for comprehending plausible interaction(s) among CMPs. Search for optimum solution was conducted through numerical and graphical optimization for demarcating the design space. Analytical method validation and subsequent forced degradation studies corroborated the method to be highly efficient for routine analysis of drug and its degradation products. The studies successfully demonstrate the utility of QbD approach for developing the highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method with enhanced method performance.

Of late, several biologically active antioxidants from natural products have been investigated by the researchers in order to combat the root cause of carcinogenesis, i.e., oxidative stress. Mangiferin, a therapeutically active C-glucosylated xanthone, is extracted from pulp, peel, seed, bark and leaf of Mangifera indica. These polyphenols of mangiferin exhibit antioxidant properties and tend to decrease the oxygen-free radicals, thereby reducing the DNA damage. Indeed, its capability to modulate several key inflammatory pathways undoubtedly helps in stalling the progression of carcinogenesis. The current review article emphasizes an updated account on the patents published on the chemopreventive action of Mangiferin, apoptosis induction made on various cancer cells, along with proposed antioxidative activities and patent mapping of other important therapeutic properties. Considering it as promising polyphenol, this paper would also summarize the diverse molecular targets of Mangiferin.

Levodopa is the drug of choice in the treatment of Parkinson's disease but it exhibits low oral bioavailability (30%) and very low brain uptake due to its extensive metabolism by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in the peripheral circulation. Hence, levodopa is co-administered with carbidopa, a peripheral amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. In an attempt to improve brain uptake and to avoid degradation of levodopa in peripheral circulation and the use of carbidopa in combination, nose to brain drug delivery of levodopa alone via the olfactory route and the trigeminal nerves has been investigated. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with levodopa (CNL) were prepared and were incorporated in a thermo-reversible gel prepared using Pluronic PF127 (CNLPgel). The preparation of CNL and CNLPgel was optimized for formulation parameters such as chitosan:TPP ratio, drug load Pluronic concentration to obtain desired particle size of CNL, gelling temperature, gelling time and mucoadhesive strength of CNLPgel. Rheological studies indicated a change in the rheological behavior of plain pluronic gel from Newtonian system at 30 °C to pseudoplastic behavior at 35 °C on incorporation of CNL. In vitro release studies from CNL obeyed Higuchi kinetic model, whereas the drug release from CNLPgel followed the Hixson-Crowell model. In vivo studies indicated a maximum recovery of the drug in brain following intranasal administration of CNL suspension in saline closely followed by the drug dispersed in plain pluronic gel.

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