In this paper, we present a reliable and robust biometric verification method based on bimodal physiological characteristics of palms, including the palmprint and palm-dorsum vein patterns. The proposed method consists of five steps: (1) automatically aligning and cropping the same region of interest from different palm or palm-dorsum images; (2) applying the digital wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform to fuse palmprint and vein pattern images; (3) extracting the line-like features (LLFs) from the fused image; (4) obtaining multiresolution representations of the LLFs by using a multiresolution filter; and (5) using a support vector machine to verify the multiresolution representations of the LLFs. The proposed method possesses four advantages: first, both modal images are captured in peg-free scenarios to improve the user-friendliness of the verification device. Second, palmprint and vein pattern images are captured using a low-resolution digital scanner and infrared (IR) camera. The use of low-resolution images results in a smaller database. In addition, the vein pattern images are captured through the invisible IR spectrum, which improves antispoofing. Third, since the physiological characteristics of palmprint and vein pattern images are different, a hybrid fusing rule can be introduced to fuse the decomposition coefficients of different bands. The proposed method fuses decomposition coefficients at different decomposed levels, with different image sizes, captured from different sensor devices. Finally, the proposed method operates automatically and hence no parameters need to be set manually. Three thousand palmprint images and 3000 vein pattern images were collected from 100 volunteers to verify the validity of the proposed method. The results show a false rejection rate of 1.20% and a false acceptance rate of 1.56%. It demonstrates the validity and excellent performance of our proposed method comparing to other methods.
For the justice between generations, the concept of sustainable development has become the tendency of national development in 21 century. The guideline and indicator system for sustainable development were established already in Taiwan. The issues of eco-city, health-city or sustainable city have discussed in several cities these years. However, the key point of sustainable development is to reduce consumption of resources. A recycling-based society is the ultimate aim. In this research, issue-based indicator framework was adopted to construct an indicator system focused on the assessment of recycling representation in a city. With the considerations of resource input and recycling, the performance of resources utilization can be realized. Top five cities in Taiwan were selected as the case study. Other assessment results from existed indicator systems were compared with the proposed indicator system for distinguished the difference between various systems.
In this study, boron doped p-type hydrogenated silicon films were prepared by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-CVD) at lower temperature (<200℃) for solar cell. In order to analyze the optical and electrical property of the film, the film’s absorption coefficient and imaginary part of the pseudo-dielectric function 〈ε2〉 as well as resistivity and dopant concentration were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and Hall measurement respectively. The Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is used as a diagnostic tool for analyzing the plasma spectra, and we try to find out the correlation between plasma spectra and film properties. Based on the above results, we can build up the database from plasma spectra corresponding to film properties, and the processing time required for optimization of process can be reduced significantly. In addition, it was found that the applications of these results can be used for the phase transition in the boron doped hydrogenated silicon film from amorphous to microcrystalline structure.
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