The causal gene of a novel small and round seed mutant phenotype (srs3) in rice was identified by map-based cloning and named the SRS3 gene. The SRS3 gene was grouped as a member of the kinesin 13 subfamily. The SRS3 gene codes for a protein of 819 amino acids that contains a kinesin motor domain and a coiled-coil structure. Using scanning electron microscopy, we determined that the cell length of seeds in the longitudinal direction in srs3 is shorter than that in the wild type. The number of cells of seeds in the longitudinal direction in srs3 was not very different from that in the wild type. The result suggests that the small and round seed phenotype of srs3 is due to a reduction in cell length of seeds in the longitudinal direction. The SRS3 protein, which is found in the crude microsomal fraction, is highly expressed in developing organs.
Four autopsy cases of familial amyloidosis were reported. The ages of the patients ranged from 37 to 51 years consisting of 3 males and 1 female. They all complained of neurological symptoms.
Histologically, amyloid deposition in familial amyloidosis was different in site and grade from that of other types of amyloidosis, showing heavy deposition in nervous and endocrine system but no differences were found referring to deposition in other tissues. Electronmicroscopically, the peripheral nervous tissue was examined and amyloid fibrils were found to be deposited massively in interstices of nerve fiber.
Summary : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral intake of linoleic acid (LA) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) , and/or lecithin (LC) on the plasma concentraions of ketone bodies and very low density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (VLDL-TG) in 9 healthy males. Four test lipids containing LA as a basic material were ingested in this study; in test-A, only LA was given; in test-B, LA and LC were given ; in test-C, LA and EPA were given ; and in test-D, LA, EPA and LC were given. All subjects received the 4 tests at 5 day intervals.Plasma levels of ketone bodies and VLDL-TG were elevated during test A. Plasma concentrations of acetoacetic acid (ACAC) and beta hydroxybutyrate (3HOB) were significantly elevated during test C , whereas those in test B were not elevated. Plasma VLDL-TG levels in test B and C changed in the opposite manner to the ketone body levels. However , both plasma ketone bodies and VLDL-TG levels were not significantly elevated in test-D, which contained LC and EPA in addition to LA. These results suggest that human ketogenesis and lipogenesis may be accelerated by polyunsaturated fatty acids , or LA with LC, respectively.The study demonstrates that the acceleration of ketogenesis and lipogenesis can be reduced by the combination of LA, EPA and LC, suggesting a potentially recommendable diet for diabetics who are prone to atherosclerosis.
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