Future vehicle and road safety strategies should consider using advanced statistical tools like SOM to advance safety. Based on a triple-layer (vehicle, infrastructure, and society) safety approach, strict regulations and enforcement are effective measures to reduce fatalities in low- and middle-income countries. On the other hand, introduction of more advanced vehicle technologies will be useful in countries with high gross national incomes (GNIs). Hence, a proper balance of different countermeasures based on economic zones could be effective to reduce total world traffic casualties.
The interaction of ribosomal proteins with mRNA in the 40S initiation complex was examined by chemical cross-linking. 40S initiation complexes were formed by incubating rat liver [(3)H]Met-tRNAi, rat liver 40S ribosomal subunits, rabbit globin mRNA, and partially purified initiation factors of rabbit reticulocytes in the presence of guanylyl(beta, gamma-methylene)-diphosphonate. The initiation complexes were then treated with 1,3-butadiene diepoxide to introduce crosslinks between the mRNA and proteins. The covalent mRNA-protein conjugates were isolated by chromatography on an oligo(dT) cellulose column in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Proteins cross-linked to the mRNA were labeled with Na(125)I, extracted by extensive ribonuclease digestion, and analyzed by two-dimensional and diagonal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three ribosomal proteins, S6, S8, and S23/S24, together with small amounts of S3/S3a, S27, and S30, were identified as the protein components cross-linked to the globin mRNA protein complex, and were shown to attach directly to the mRNA. It is suggested that these proteins constitute the ribosomal binding site for mRNA in the 40S initiation complex.
In this paper, two versions of the Abbreviated Injury Scale codes (AIS98 and AIS08) were used to develop Injury Severity Prediction algorithms with the help of NASS-CDS (US) 2009-2012 database. Some severe injuries in the AIS98 are scaled as less severe in the AIS08, especially in head and thorax regions; but in other body regions, there are no significant changes. Changes in AIS severity level will affect the distribution around the Injury Severity Score equal to 15, the threshold level for serious/minor injury judgment and hence leads to change in Injury Severity Prediction (ISP) prediction value related to AACN. The total number of false cases reduced for ISP algorithm formulated with AIS08 code when compared to that of AIS98 code. The proposed modified ISP algorithm is more efficient for both the AIS codes (98 and 08) than the original publicly available Kononen's algorithm.
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