Background:Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) might serve as a minimally invasive substitute in patients with refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (RIOAB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes related to two different doses of abo-BTX-A (AboBTX-A) in patients with RIOAB.Materials and Methods:This prospective clinical trial was performed on 55 women with RIOAB. After determination of trabeculation grade, 300 (no or mild) or 500 (moderate or severe) unit of AboBTX-A (Dysport) was intravesicaly injected. Before 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention, lower urinary tract symptoms during 24 h were recorded.Results:Of the study population, 62% had severe bladder trabeculation. The mean duration of overactive bladder (OAB) was 1.76 versus 5.85 years, for no or mild versus severe trabeculation, respectively. After injections of 300- and 500-unit dosage, there were 19% and 26% early complications such as urinary retention. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in OAB score after 1 month (P < 0.001) and duration of OAB symptoms, over three follow-up times (P < 0.001). The mean preinjection OAB scores between patients with and without recurrence were statistically significant (29.36 vs. 25.07; P < 0.03). Urinary tract infection as a late complication was distinguished in four patients.Conclusion:In RIOAB, by adjusted dosage of AboBTX-A related to the grade of bladder trabeculation, in addition to maintain efficacy, consequent complications might not be affected by dosage and the drug dosage could be increased to nearly 60% with less concern associated to complication
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The incidence of incidentally-detected renal cysts is high, ranging from 12% to 61%. While well-defined clinical consensus exists for Bosniak I and II renal cysts, our understanding of best practices for surveillance and management of complex renal cysts remains contended. This study aimed to evaluate key patient and disease-specific outcomes of complex renal cysts across an updated, twenty-year cohort.METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with Bosniak IIF, III and IV renal cysts from 2001-2013 across three tertiary academic hospitals. Data from date of diagnosis to June 2022 was extracted, including demographics, cyst characteristics, biopsy and surgical/ablative intervention. Primary endpoints were radiologic upgrading (i.e. formal Bosniak upgrading or subjective worsening of radiographic features in same Bosniak class) and cancerspecific mortality.RESULTS: A total of 332 patients with complex renal cysts were included: Bosniak IIF (55.4%, 184/332), Bosniak III (36.4%, 121/ 332), Bosniak IV (8.1%, 27/332). The majority of patients were male (63.3%, 210/332). Most patients were managed with active surveillance, except Bosniak IV patients where 66.7% (18/27) underwent upfront nephrectomy. Rates of biopsy were similar among Bosniak III and IV groups (22.3%, 27/121 and 22.2%, 6/27). Median follow-up for Bosniak IIF, III and Bosniak IV cysts on active surveillance was 7.8 years (IQR[ 3.9-12.4 yrs), 6.6 years (IQR[ 3.7-10.1 yrs) and 4.6 years (IQR[3.7-8.6 yrs), respectively. Twenty-eight percent of surgical patients (19/67) experienced peri-operative complications. The rate of radiologic upgrading for Bosniak IIF, III and IV was 7.1% (13/184), 4.9% (6/121) and 3.7% (1/27), respectively (Table 1). Cancer-specific mortality remained at 0.3% (1/332).CONCLUSIONS: Overall, despite lengthy follow-up, the rate of radiologic progression and cancer-specific mortality for complex renal cysts remains low. This analysis challenges conventional views of upfront intervention, particularly for Bosniak III cysts. It appears safe to de-intensify surveillance for complex renal cysts along with transfer of care to primary care providers (with appropriate direction and triggers for re-referral), especially for patients with compatible goals of care.
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