Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and therefore play key roles in the Krebs cycle and cellular homoeostasis. Major advances in cancer genetics over the past decade have revealed that the genes encoding IDHs are frequently mutated in a variety of human malignancies, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma. A series of seminal studies further elucidated the biological impact of the IDH mutation and uncovered the potential role of IDH mutants in oncogenesis. Notably, the neomorphic activity of the IDH mutants establishes distinctive patterns in cancer metabolism, epigenetic shift and therapy resistance. Novel molecular targeting approaches have been developed to improve the efficacy of therapeutics against IDH-mutated cancers. Here we provide an overview of the latest findings in IDH-mutated human malignancies, with a focus on glioma, discussing unique biological signatures and proceedings in translational research.

In vivo induction of non-neuronal cells into neurons by transcription factors offers

not to say their possibly better capability for stylish designs in textiles. [14] Yet, current fabrication processes of in-plane MSCs, involving conventional photolithography, metal sputtering, or oxidative channel-etching, are costly and not applicable to textile-based substrates. [15,16] It is also difficult to realize the newly devoloped laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based microsupercapacitors on the wavy textile other than the flat substrate (typically polyethylene terephtharate (PET), polyimide (PI), etc.). [17][18][19] As far as our concern, no research on planar microsupercapacitors on textile substrate has been reported by far.In this work, we demonstrate a facile and novel approach for fabricating textile planar MSCs and its possible incorporation into fashionalbe garment. Laser-scribing masking and electroless depostion of comformal Ni coatings were carried out to prepare the interdigitated current collectors on common textile (polyester, nylon, etc.). The rGO film obtained from the reduction of graphene oxide by the Ni layer served as the capacitive materials in the electrode. The resulting all-solid-state MSCs on textile substrate achieved high capacitance (8.19 mF cm −2 at a scanning rate of 0.01 V s −1 ), stable cycling performances (91% for 10 000 cycles), and decent rate capability (53% capacitance retention for the scanning rate increased from 0.01 to 2 V s −1 ). Remarkably, the device demonstrated herein behaved with exceptional mechanical durability and electrochemical stability, even under severe bending and twisting conditions. The fabricated MSC can be directly incorporated into a fabric garment for possible stylish designs, as demonstrated by a planar textile MSC designed into letters of "BINN."For textile supercapacitors, one of the major difficulties lies in the realization of conductive electrodes on wavy fabrics woven with numrous microsized polymer fibers. Metal deposition by sputtering or evaparation cannot generate a conformal conductive film. Thereby, metal wires or meshes have been frequently reported to be used as the electrodes for wearable energy devices, but the heavy weight and stiffness of the metal wires/ meshes make the textile uncomfortable. Dip-coating or injectprinting of carbonacous materials (carbon partilces, CNTs, or rGO) on fabrics or fibers/yarns have also been developed to convert common fibers/yarns into conductive electrodes. Whereas, the conductivity of the network of carbonacous materials is far worse than that of metal films, usually leading to the unsatisfied rate capability or power density of the textile supercapacitors. We previously reported that electroless deposition of thin Ni film on polyester fibers/yarns could achieve electrodes that combine the lightweight, flexbility of polymer fibers/yarns and the high conductivity of the metal film. [9] Herein, we further developed a laser-scribing masking route to fabricate conductive textile with any intended pattern or drawing.As shown schematically in Figure 1a, a fabric cloth sealed with Kapton tapes on bot...