BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence suggests that the spread of glioma to the subventricular zone (SVZ) is closely related to glioma recurrence and patient survival. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the main cell type in the SVZ region and exhibit tumor-homing ability.
AIM
To evaluate the effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from SVZ NSCs on the cancer-related behaviors of glioma cells.
METHODS
The characteristics of SVZ hNSCs were identified by immunofluorescence. The normoxic-hNSC-CM and hypoxic-hNSC-CM (3% O
2
, oxygen-glucose deprived [OGD] culturing) were collected from 80%-90% confluent SVZ NSCs in sterile conditions. The CCK8 and Transwell assays were used to compare and evaluate the effects of normoxic-CM and hypoxic-CM on glioma proliferation and invasion. Then proteins secreted from SVZ NSCs into the CM were investigated by mass spectrometry, and the potential effects of candidate protein NCAN in the regulation of glioma progression were examined by CCK8 and Transwell assays.
RESULTS
The CM from SVZ NSCs significantly increased the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, particularly the CM from OGD NSCs induced under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the secreted protein neurocan (NCAN) in CM from OGD NSCs was identified by proteomic analysis. NCAN was expressed in glioma cells and played regulatory roles in mediating the progression of glioma cells mainly
via
the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified a potential interactive mechanism between SVZ NSCs and glioma cells, in which SVZ NSCs promote glioma progression
via
the secreted protein NCAN. These findings suggested that exploring the CM derived from cells could be a novel strategy for optimizing treatments and that NCAN derived from SVZ NSCs may be a potential new target in glioma progression.
Source of materialNa 2 MoO 4. · . 2H 2 O( 0.30 g, 1.20 mmol) and Na 2 HPO 4 (0.15 g, 1.0 . mmol) were dissolved in water (20 ml). The pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 2with 6MHCl and refluxed for 40 min. Asolution of CoCl 2. · . 6H 2 O(0.07 g, 0.3 mmol) in water (5 mL) and 2,2'-diimidazole (0.07 g, 0.5 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was slowly added with stirring, and the mixture was refluxed for 3h, filtered and kept for crystallization. After two weeks, afew colorless crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained. Herein the reaction material of Na 2 MoO 4 and CoCl 2 were added in order to synthesize hybrid polyoxometalate. However, they didn't take part in the reaction.
Experimental details
DiscussionH 2 PO 4 -anions simultaneously possessing good hydrogen bond donors and acceptors ability have been widely used as inorganic building blocks to construct intriguing supramolecular architectures. They can form one-, two-and three-dimensional structures with other hydrogen bond acceptors or donors, especially nitrogen-organic ligands. In past decades, many related structures have been reported [1,2]. Supramolecular compounds with 2,2'-diimidazole ligand have been observed rarely to date [3,4]. The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of half of a2,2'-diimidazolim cation and one dihydrogen phosphate anion. The two halves of the 2,2'-diimidazolium cation are related by an inversion centre at the midpoint of the C1-C1 i bond (symmetry code i: 1-x,-y,-z). The dimensions of the ions are as expected and the components are linked by N-H···Ohydrogen bonds forming two R 2 1 (7) rings. The O2-H2 and O3-H3 groups of the anion act as hydrogen-bond donors to O4 atoms of adjacent H 2 PO 4 -anions and give rise to an inorganic anion layer structure containing alternate R 4 2 (12) and R4 4 (16) rings parallel to the (100) plane. These inorganic layers are bridged by diimidazolium cations hydrogen bonds to form athree-dimensional framework.
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