Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.Controversies about characteristics of Eales disease and the efficacy of different therapies have lasted for decades. Here, all available studies were analyzed and clarified the epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, clinical manifestations, and complications of Eales disease. In addition, we also made a comprehensive summary of the current treatments for neovascular complications.

BackgroundTo explore the central and peripheral retinal and choroidal changes in diabetic patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy (DM-NoDR) using ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-SS-OCTA).Methods67 DM-NoDR eyes and 32 age-matched healthy eyes were recruited. Retinal and choroidal parameters, including qualitative retinal microangiopathy, vessel flow (VFD) and linear density (VLD), thickness, and volume, were measured in the central and peripheral areas of the 24 × 20 mm2 UWF-SS-OCTA images.ResultsDM-NoDR eyes had significantly more nonperfusion area and capillary tortuosity than controls in the central and peripheral areas (p < 0.05). The presence of central capillary tortuosity was associated with higher levels of serum creatinine (OR 1.049, 95%CI 1.001–1.098; p = 0.044) and blood urea nitrogen (OR 1.775, 95%CI 1.051–2.998; p = 0.032) in DM-NoDR eyes. For DM-NoDR eyes versus controls, VFD in the 300-μm annulus around the foveal avascular zone, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and full retina, and SCP-VLD significantly decreased, while VFD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal thickness, and retinal volume increased (p < 0.05). Analysis in the central and peripheral areas recapitulated all these findings, except for decreased peripheral thickness and volume and no difference in peripheral DCP-VFD. In DM-NoDR eyes, choriocapillaris-VFD, choroidal thickness, and choroidal volume increased in the central area, while VFD in the large and medium choroidal vessel layer decreased in the whole image (p < 0.05).ConclusionRetinal and choroidal changes already existed in the central and/or peripheral areas of DM-NoDR eyes. UWF-SS-OCTA, enabling the visualization of the peripheral fundus area, is a promising image technique for the early detection of fundus changes in DM-NoDR patients.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is primarily due to disruption of the development of neural crest cells. The onset of associated symptoms in both eyes accompanied by extraocular developmental defects is referred to as ARS. Cardiac defects associated with ARS have been reported, but the extent of the cardiac defects has yet to be defined. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with ARS with typical facial malformations and severe mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency. The patient was diagnosed with secondary glaucoma detected on ophthalmologic examination. Echocardiography showed severe mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency. This case provides further evidence of the association of ARS with cardiac malformations and extends the reported range of cardiac malformations in patients with ARS.

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This case report discusses a diagnosis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a woman aged 38 years who presented with progressively blurry vision in both eyes over a period of 10 days.