Ultrasonic vibration can reduce honing forces efficiently. As the honing wheel can be
washed by ultrasonic cavitations of cutting fluids, its jams are decreased and the higher honing
efficiency has been obtained. Therefore, gear honing combined with ultrasonic machining honing is a
method for gear finish machining with its wide application future. Ultrasonic-assisted honing of gears
is firstly proposed, its machining devices are manufactured based upon the design parameters derived
by four-terminal network principle. Experiments of gear honing show that the machining traces on the
tooth flanks in ultrasonic and traditional honing are different. The ultrasonic honing can produce a
better tooth surface roughness (Ra 0.45 μm) than one obtained conventional honing (Ra 0.72 μm).
In the machining of ultrasonic gear honing, gear’s dynamic characteristics have a significant impact on the designing of vibration system and machining quality of gear. Since the gear and solid horn produce resonance, it is necessary to give a comprehensive consideration of the interaction between the two. This paper utilized the boundary conditions of the plate and the horn at the connection surface and their own dynamical equations to establish dynamical model of composite structure of the gear and the horn, which providing a theoretical basis for the horn designing and the gear’s dynamic characteristics analysis in ultrasonic gear honing. The results of calculation example are consistent with that of test, it verifies that the proposed analytical method in this paper is feasible.
Effects of forcing temperature on phenological and morphological development of Hibiscus moscheutos 'Disco Belle Mixed' were determined by growing plants under long days in glass houses set at 15, 18. 21. 24, or 27°C. Actual rather than setting temperatures were used in the analysis. Time from the onset of long-day forcing to visible bud (VB) decreased from 101 to 24 days as average daily temperature (ADT) increased from 15.7 to 25.0°C. and time from VB to flower decreased from 54 to 29 days as ADT increased from 19.4 to 27.6°C. Although higher ADT accelerated flowering, the diameter of the first flower, total number of flower buds per plant, and plant height at flowering decreased as ADT increased. A curvilinear model was used to describe the effect of ADT on days to VB or flower. An exponential model was developed to quantify the relationship between flower bud diameter. ADT. and days to flower. The models can be implemented in a decision-support system to predict the ADT required to achieve a target flowering date or the flowering date at a given ADT, bud diameter, or both.
This paper analyses the material removal and surface forming mechanism of ultrasonic
auxiliary gear honing. According to the Huygens principle of diffraction, a theory is proposed firstly
that the ultrasonic waves transmit through the being honed gear in toroidal form, and the
mathematical equation of the abrasive trace is built that expresses the relative movement between
CBN abrasive and the gear surface. The equation is accordant with the experimental result. The
paper concludes that the material removal of the gear surface depends on two factors, one is that
CBN abrasives scratch the gear surface, and the other is that the gear surface vibrating itself along
its normal direction impacts the abrasives.
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