This study aimed to increase the solubility of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in water and enhance its liver-targeting ability using self-assembling nanomicelles (NMs) based on stearic acid-modified fenugreek gum . The GA/FG-C 18 NMs were prepared by an ultrasonication dispersion method. The nanomicelles were spherical particles with a particle size of 198.61 ± 1.58 nm and a zeta potential of À30.12 ± 0.28 mV. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 13.34 ± 0.24% and 80.07 ± 1.44%, respectively. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) indicated that GA was successfully encapsulated into the nanomicelles in a molecularly dispersed state. An in vitro release test showed that GA/FG-C 18 NMs possessed a slow drug release profile in PBS (pH 7.4) over 200 h. The cytotoxicity assay indicated that GA/FG-C 18 NMs showed much higher inhibitory efficacy in HepG2 cells than in MCF-7 cells. Tissue section studies indicated that the accumulation of DiR-loaded FG-C 18 nanomicelles in the liver of mice was higher than that of the DiR solution, and the fluorescence intensity decreased over time. GA/FG-C 18 NMs showed a larger area under the curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) compared with free GA after intravenous administration in mice. The in vivo studies showed that GA mainly accumulated in the liver after encapsulation by FG-C 18 NMs, and the drug concentration was higher than that of free GA. These results suggested that FG-C 18 NMs could serve as a potential drug delivery system for targeting GA to liver tissue.
Indirect Selective Laser Sintering/ Isostatic Pressing (SLS/IP), with Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIPing) and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) IPs, is adopted for the manufacture of complicated automobile components. The preparation of PA12-coated AISI316L powder and airproof plastic canning during CIPing are also investigated. The influence of technology parameters on the performances of AISI316L specimens during SLS/IP is likewise analyzed. Results show that PA12-coated AISI316L powders are successfully prepared through the dissolution and precipitation process, and that it is better to fabricate airproof canning for complicated components with natural latex. After sintering AISI316L specimens from 1300℃ to 1340℃ (CIPed at more than 300 MPa ahead), their relative densities increased, approaching 92%. Subsequently, their relative densities are improved by HIPing, whose optimal pressure and temperature parameters are between 90 MPa and 20 MPa, and 1150℃ and 1250℃, respectively. The optimal tensile performances are close to those of annealed AISI316L compact materials.
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