This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the degradation of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC). We investigated the effects of several operational parameters, including solution pH, initial TCC concentration, photocatalyst TiO₂ loading, presence of natural organic matter, and most common anions in surface waters (e.g., bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate). The results showed that UV radiation was very effective for TCC photodegradation and that the photolysis followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The TCC photolysis rate was pH dependent and favored at high pH. A higher TCC photolysis rate was observed by direct photolysis than TiO₂ photocatalysis. The presence of the inorganic ions bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate hindered TCC photolysis. Negative effects on TCC photolysis were also observed by the addition of humic acid due to competitive UV absorbance. The main degradation products of TCC were tentatively identified by gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer, and a possible degradation pathway of TCC was also proposed.

The photolysis of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation was studied. The effects of several abiotic parameters, including solution pH, initial TCC concentration, presence of natural organic matter, and most common inorganic anions in surface waters, were investigated. The results show that the photolysis of TCC followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The TCC photolysis rate constant increased with increasing solution pH and decreasing the initial TCC concentration. Compared with the TCC photolysis in pure water, the presence of aqueous bicarbonate, nitrate, humic acids, and its sodium salt decreased the TCC photolysis rate, but fulvic acid increased the TCC photolysis rate. The electron spin resonance and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments indicated that TCC may undergo two different types of phototransformation reactions: direct photolysis and energy transfer to generate (1)O2. The main degradation products were tentatively identified by gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a possible degradation pathway was also proposed.

Background Whether the levels of circulating inflammatory adipokines affect the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between circulating inflammatory adipokine levels and risk of T2D. Methods This case–control study involved 130 individuals consisting of 66 healthy controls (Control group) and 64 patients with T2D (T2D group) in Lishui Municipal Central Hospital from January 2017 to June 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between circulating inflammatory adipokine levels and the risk of T2D. Results There were significant differences in the levels of adiponectin ( p = 0.013) and visfatin ( p < 0.001) between the T2D and Control groups. In contrast, no significant differences in leptin ( p = 0.113), TNF‐α ( p = 0.632), and IL‐6 ( p = 0.156) levels were found between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that elevated visfatin level was associated with an increased risk of T2D (OR: 3.543; 95% CI: 1.771–7.088; p < 0.001), while adiponectin (OR: 1.946; 95% CI: 0.925–4.094; p = 0.079), leptin (OR: 3.723; 95% CI: 0.788–17.583; p = 0.097), TNF‐α (OR: 1.081; 95% CI: 0.911–1.281; p = 0.373), and IL‐6 (OR: 0.878; 95% CI: 0.657–1.173; p = 0.379) were not associated with the risk of T2D. Conclusions This study found elevated visfatin levels are associated with an increased risk of T2D, while adiponectin, leptin, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 are not. These findings should be further verified by a large‐scale prospective study.