Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the deadliest cancers of the digestive tract. The prognosis of CCA is poor and the 5-year survival rate is low. Bioinformatic analysis showed that early mitotic inhibitor 2 (EMI2) was overexpressed in CCA but the underlying mechanism is not known. Methods The data on bile duct carcinoma from TCGA and GEO databases were used to detect the expression of EMI2. The transcription factors of EMI2 were predicted using JASPAR and PROMO databases. Among the predicted transcription factors, YY1 has been rarely reported in cholangiocarcinoma, and was verified using the luciferase reporter gene assay. RT-PCR was performed to predict the downstream pathway of EMI2, and PI3K/Akt was suspected to be associated with it. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the effects of silencing and overexpressing EMI2 and YY1 on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the bile duct cancer cells. Results EMI2 was highly expressed in CCA. Silencing EMI2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CCA cells, arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase, and promoted of apoptosis. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed that YY1 bound to the promoter region of EMI2, and after silencing YY1, the expression of EMI2 decreased and the progression of CCA was inhibited. Moreover, key proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway decreased after silencing EMI2. Conclusion EMI2 may be one of the direct targets of YY1 and promotes the progression of CCA through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Background Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system and the fourth leading cause of tumor-related death. Intracavitary 125 I seed irradiation has been recently developed as a therapy for locally advanced pancreatic head carcinoma. However, there are still many limitations, and more investigations are needed in order to optimize this new treatment method. Methods Sixty-seven patients were included in our study; 41 cases treated by SEMS-CL- 125 I intracavular irradiation (SEMS-CL- 125 I group) and 26 cases treated by SEMS-CL- 125 I intracavular irradiation combined with 125 I particle implantation in the tumor body (the combined group). Among the 67 patients, 43 were males and 24 were females, with an average age of 69.64±8.84 years. Tumor site size was determined based on the MRI or CT imaging scans, and the number and radius of 125 I particle placement were calculated according to a specific formula. 125 I particles were inserted into the tumor with a radius of 1.5 cm and a row spacing of 1 cm. The main postoperative biochemical indexes, imaging analysis, postoperative analgesia degree, median survival time and rate of complications were compared between the two groups. Results Jaundice and liver function improved in both groups after treatment for 6 months. The combined group did better. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients in the combined group had a significantly better overall survival than those in the SEMS-CL- 125 I group. Patients in the combined group had less complications than those in the SEMS-CL- 125 I group (23.1% vs 34.1%), and the postoperative pain status of the combined group was improved (26.8% vs 53.8%). Conclusion Compared with the SEMS-CL- 125 I intracavular irradiation alone, the combination of 125 I seed implantation with solid tumor 125 I seed implantation had a better therapeutic effect in LAPHC patients, with improved biochemical indicators, survival prognosis, pain relief, and fewer complications.
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