This paper presents a new design method of a planar 3 degrees-of-freedom(DOF) serial linkagetype vibration energy harvester with a single proof mass. The harvester is designed to generate electrical power at equally spaced three target resonant frequencies which can be chosen arbitrarily. For given target frequencies and a proof mass, the design method involves (1) the determination of the stiffness matrix, (2) the synthesis of the stiffness by means of a parallel connection of three line springs and (3) its conversion into a 3DOF device connected serially by torsional springs. The torsional springs are realized by the flexible hinge joints and the polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) films are attached on the joints. Upon determination of the desired stiffness matrix, the SQP algorithm is utilized to find the optimum locations and spring constants of the serial hinge joints for the minimum difference among three electrical power peaks. The FEM analysis and experiments are conducted to verify the proposed design method. Three measured resonant power peaks occur at 24.7, 30.4 and 33.6 Hz comparing to the target frequencies of 25, 30 and 35 Hz. The normalized maximum power of 14.5 uW ms 2 2 -( ) / is generated at 24.7 Hz. The experimental results also demonstrate that the harvester can generate at least 18.6% of the peak power throughout the frequency range from 23.1 to 36.5 Hz, which ensures consistently acquirable power within the operating frequency range by virtue of the coupled effect of a serial linkage-type structure.
In this paper, we introduce the concept, design equation, and realization of a broadband electromagnetic vibrational energy harvester. The spatial vibrating system in the proposed harvester is arranged to have three out-of-plane vibration modes. We devise the design method for its three natural frequencies and accompanying modes and apply it to the broadband energy harvesting by locating three frequencies close to each other. The numerical simulation and the experimental results show that it satisfies the designated frequencies as well as the enhanced bandwidth for power generation.
This article presents a new design method of a planar 3-degree-of-freedom serial manipulator-type electromagnetic vibration energy harvester in which any desired ratio of power peaks and three target resonant frequencies can be specified arbitrarily. The design of the harvester aims to achieve minimum difference between the power peaks generated at target frequencies. The geometrical positions of three normal modes are first determined and the corresponding stiffness matrix of the harvester is found. Second, the stiffness matrix can be synthesized by three serially connected torsional springs. Third, the leaf hinge joints corresponding to torsional springs are designed using the newly developed design equations. Finally, the array and the locations of the magnets are found using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. The experiments are conducted to verify the design method. Three resonant frequencies are measured at 23.4, 29.2, and 34.8 Hz comparing to the target frequencies of 25, 30, and 35 Hz. The peak powers of 1.28, 0.89, and 1.32 mW are obtained across the optimal load resistor of 1.01 kΩ under the condition of the constant acceleration of 1.5 m/s2.
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