Objectives: Evaluate of the heated air jet temperature (T) in the pulp chamber on cavity 5 depths and photoactivation stages for a bulk fill resin restorative protocol is evaluated. Methods: Class I cavity preparations were conducted at different depths (n = 8) through two protocols for adhesive volatilization (23 °C and 40 °C) and cavities were restored with the Filtek Bulk Fill resin. The pulp chamber temperature variation was evaluated at four steps (times) during the restorative protocol: I (initial), V (after volatilization), A (after photoactivation of the adhesive), and C (after photoactivation of the composite resin). To verify the assumptions of the normality of the errors and homoscedasticity, the Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests were conducted. Subsequently, two-way and three-way analysis of variance was carried out, followed by Tukey's post-hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The maximum T at the different restorative steps, regardless of the volatilization protocol and cavity depth, was as follows: I (36.8 °C) = V (36.9 ºC) < A (37.2 °C) = R (37.8 ºC) (p <0.05). During V, a small greater variation was observed in pulp chamber temperature when dentin was volatilized at 40 °C (p <0.05) at very deep cavity depths (0.31 °C). The largest temperature variations (p <0.05) were observed during A (0.17–0.59 °C) and R (0.50–1.06 °C), reaching peak temperatures in the cavities.
This intervention study evaluated knowledge of first responders regarding the emergency clinical protocol in cases of dental avulsions and impact of an informative campaign. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate effect of provided information on knowledge among emergency service professionals regarding the management of avulsion of teeth: before campaign (T0) and after campaign (T1). Participants were invited to attend the dental trauma awareness campaign that was carried out by the researchers. The campaign addressed main doubts and difficulties regarding emergency dental trauma care. Data were statistically analyzed (p <0.05). There was significant increasing in the knowledge of professionals regarding the possibility (from 74% to 88%) and ability (5% to 32%) of first responders perform tooth replantation; about the ideal time to perform the replantation (from 30% to 59%); about the correct handling (from 52% to 85%) and the need for cleaning (from 60% to 79%) of an avulsed tooth for replantation. It can be concluded there is a lack of knowledge of emergency service professionals about tooth avulsion management. The strong message is the importance not only of identifying the lack of knowledge of the professionals about tooth injuries, but also perform the education that can significantly improve the professional knowledge.
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do pré-aquecimento de compósitos bulk-fill, em relação a resistência à flexão, módulo de elasticidade e resistência coesiva. Cinco compósitos foram testados: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TBF), X-tra fill (XTF), Filtek Bulk-fill (FBF), Aura Bulk-fill (ABF) e Filtek Z250 (FZ, controle). As amostras foram condicionadas em 37ºC por 24 horas antes de serem testadas. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Os compósitos FBF, XTF E FZ apresentaram as maiores resistências coesivas, e o pré-aquecimento influenciou positivamente esta propriedade. Os materiais XTF e FBF sem pré-aquecimento apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência à flexão e de módulo de elasticidade. Para estas propriedades, o pré-aquecimento causou redução nos compósitos XBF, FBF e ABF, não teve efeito em TBF e causou aumento em FZ. O pré-aquecimento influenciou positivamente a resistência coesiva dos materiais estudados, melhorando o desempenho de todas os materiais do tipo bulk-fill. A Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill/Ivoclar não obteve variação de módulo de elasticidade e resistência flexural quando pré-aquecida, tendo os demais compósitos do tipo bulk-fill apresentado resultados inferiores quanto a essas duas propriedades após o aquecimento.
ResumoA grande demanda por restaurações estéticas tem propiciado o desenvolvimento constante de materiais resinosos. Entretanto, mesmo com a evolução destes materiais e o aprimoramento do procedimento de adesão, as restaurações dentais adesivas falham em longo prazo. A interface de união dentina-restauração é passível de degradação, sendo dois os principais mecanismos relacionados à hidrólise e proteólise. O objetivo neste estudo foi, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, abordar e discutir os mecanismos relacionados à degradação da interface adesiva e técnicas alternativas para minimizar a degradação da interface de união à dentina em restaurações adesivas diretas. As estratégias se baseiam em melhorar a impregnação do adesivo na dentina desmineralizada, aumentar a resistência do polímero formado pelos sistemas adesivos e a resistência das fibrilas col Desta forma, se essas técnicas forem usadas com objetivo de minimizar a degradação da interface de união à dentina em restaurações adesivas diretas, uma maior longevidade clínica é esperada. AbstractThe great demand for esthetic restorations has led to the constant development of resinous materials. However, even with the evolution of these materials and the improvement of the adhesive procedure, dental adhesive restorations fail in the long term. The dentin-restoration interface is susceptible to degradation, with two main mechanisms related to both hydrolysis and proteolysis. The aim in this study was, through a literature review, to approach and discuss mechanisms related to the degradation of adhesive interface and alternative techniques to minimize the degradation of bonding interface to dentin in direct adhesive restorations. The strategies are based on improving the impregnation of adhesive in the demineralized dentin, increasing the resistance of the polymer formed by the adhesive systems and the resistance of the collagen fibrils to the enzymatic degradation. Thus, if these techniques are used to minimize the degradation of the bonding interface to dentine in direct adhesive restorations, a greater clinical longevity is expected.
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