The article reflects the results of scientific and philological research, which made it possible to analyze the ways of translating the image of Ukraine in English translations of Ukrainian poetry. Based on the generalization of the research results of scientific sources, the concept of literary translation as a linguistic problem is revealed. A special connection between the artistic image and the linguistic category on the basis of which it is formed is noted. The main requirements for the translation of works of art are highlighted, among them: accuracy, conciseness, clarity and literacy. It has been established that the main difficulty of literary translation is the accurate understanding of lexical units and the relationship between what the author wanted to convey to the reader and what the translator translated. Two aspects of the Ukrainian poetry translation are highlighted: linguocognitive and linguocultural. It is determined that the linguistic and cultural aspect of translation analysis allows to identify the features of reflection in the English poetic translation of the value dominants of Ukrainian ethnoculture based on the comparison of the cultural concept name, symbols of culture and emotional expression, and linguocognitive allows to highlight the features of the concepts system reflection of the Ukrainian author in the figurative system of English translations of his lyrics. The concept and role of the cultural concept UKRAINE in English translations, which is expressed by lexical means of a particular language, are studied. There are four components of the cultural concept: conceptual, value, symbolic and figurative. It is revealed that the elements of imagery and symbolism are structural parts of the cultural concept. It has been found that the translator’s understanding of the author’s system of concepts is a condition for reproducing the image of his country in translation. The symbols of Ukrainian culture in poetic works are analyzed, which are multi-valued subject images that express values and worldviews. The artistic symbol is considered to be one of the types of figurative concept with a multilevel structure of reference and the main aspects of its analysis should include determining the depth of the original symbol and its culturological components. Analysis of the translation of symbols showed that the most commonly used way of reproducing Ukrainian poetic symbolism is tracing, less commonly used methods of transcription, transliteration and equivalent translation. It is determined that the symbolism reproduced in the translation cannot convey all the cultural components and semiological depth, because the associative connections with the place of its origin are interrupted. It causes a symbolic appropriation of the image of Ukraine in the target culture, and at the same time conveys its ethnic uniqueness. The main ways of conveying the image of Ukraine in translations of Ukrainian lyrics are revealed, as a result of which literary translation adapts to the norms of the language of translation and becomes accurate and clear. The following lexical transformations in translation have been singled out: transcription, transliteration, equivalent translation, tracing and contextual substitution method. A comparative analysis of the translation of symbols and images of Ukraine in translations of Ukrainian poetry. Comprehensive research has shown that the most prevalent methods of translation are contextual substitution, equivalent translation and tracing. Thus, the article fulfills all the tasks are fulfilled in the work and it is also determined that the components of symbolism and imagery are a structural part of the concept of UKRAINE in general.
This research is relevant, as AL-amyloidosis refers to a systemic type of disease characterised by aggregation of an improperly folded light chain of immunoglobulin, mainly in the heart and kidneys, causing organ failure. This study describes the clinical experience of introducing a patient with cardiac amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. A clinical case of a patient diagnosed with amyloidosis was considered. MRI signs of cardiac amyloidosis were confirmed due to the presence of concentric biventricular hypertrophy without dilation, atrial septal hypertrophy, a tendency to atrial dilation, thickening of valve flaps and atrial walls. Upon admission to the research institute, the patient had an anasarca. More accurate recognition of AL-amyloidosis by cardiologists allows prescribing earlier treatment and improving results. Conventional treatment of multiple myeloma and AL-amyloidosis includes a combination of dexamethasone with bortezomib and endoxan. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after taking high doses of melphalan has become another treatment option and has led to remission in some patients. The novelty of the study is that an example of a timely complete diagnosis and treatment of a combination of these two diseases was presented, as a result of which the patient has achieved a complete haematological and partial organ response to the underlying disease.
Introduction.In translation studies, the study of the English-Ukrainian translation peculiarities of terms in the field of transport business occupies a prominent place.Methods. To establish lexical and grammatical transformations, to determine the peculiarities of the translation of transport business terms from English into Ukrainian.Results. The analysis of the peculiarities of translation transformations usаge in the reproduction of English terminology in the Ukrainian language, formed a corpus of terms in the field of transport business in English and their counterparts in the Ukrainian language. The material for the study was the texts of treaties, conventions, documentation of transport companies and their translation into Ukrainian.A separate stage of the study devoted to the analysis of the application of translation transformations in the translation of transport business terms from English into Ukrainian.
Метою роботи є встановити структурно-семантичні аспекти при перекладі терміноодиниць автомобільної галузі та способи їх перекладу на матеріалі текстів сфери транспорту. Методологія. У статті розглянуто структурно-семантичні аспекти перекладу англійських термінів (на основі двомовних англійських та українських документів транспортної галузі). Приклади взяті з навчальних посібників про вантажні перевезення та автомобільну/технічну літературу. Досліджено поняття «термін» і «термінологія», їх основні різновиди та основні підходи; структурні та семантичні аспекти англійських термінів; способи перекладу термінів за допомогою міжмовних трансформацій; структурно-семантичні аспекти в перекладацьких термінах транспортної галузі; способи перекладу англійських термінів у структурному та семантичному аспектах. Англійська транспортна термінологія об’єднує у своєму складі назву конкретних понять, визначень та термінів. Нині кількість нових термінів значно зросла, оскільки терміни швидко реагують на зміни в розвитку суспільства. Тому існують багато запозичень з різних іноземних мов і складних термінів. Наукова новизна. Існує значна кількість транспортних термінів, що використовуються при перекладі тексту з врахуванням структурно-семантичної складової. Серед найпоширеніших способів перекладу термінів є транскодування, калькування, описовий переклад, переклад з використанням лексичного еквівалента. Способами творення термінів є: префікси, суфікси, перетворення, словоскладання, словосполучення, шляхом скорочення термінів. Висновки. Для того, щоб перекладач міг зробити адекватний переклад, необхідно знати еквіваленти двох мов, керувати транспортною термінологією, використовувати граматичні конструкції, які притаманні лише технічним текстам, перекладач повинен розуміти взаємодію терміну з контекстом, де він розкриває його лексичне значення.
AL-amyloidosis refers to a systemic type of disease characterised by aggregation of an improperly folded light chain of immunoglobulin, mainly in the heart and kidneys, causing organ failure. This study describes the clinical experience of introducing a patient with cardiac amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of amyloidosis is based on a high index of clinical suspicion. Unfortunately, the disease often proceeds asymptomatically until a late stage, and even then the symptoms can be very nonspecific. The prolonged time to establish a diagnosis, often more than 1 year, is a frequent factor in poor treatment results. The slow course of the disease, in most cases, leads to fatal consequences, since initially, patients do not turn to specialised professionals. Namely, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia are common causes of death from primary systemic amyloidosis, from 48% to 65% of cardiac mortality. More accurate recognition of AL-amyloidosis by cardiologists allows prescribing earlier treatment and improving results. Conventional treatment of multiple myeloma and AL-amyloidosis includes a combination of dexamethasone with bortezomib and endoxan. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after taking high doses of melphalan has become another treatment option and has led to remission in some patients. The study presents an example of a timely complete diagnosis and treatment of a combination of these two diseases, as a result of which the patient has achieved a complete haematological and partial organ response to the underlying disease.
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