Background: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an essential measure in the monitoring and evaluation of airway obstruction in asthmatic children. Studies on PEFR in children are limited. The objectives of the study were to evaluate PEFR in healthy school going children and its correlation with age, weight, height and Body Surface Area and to derive their prediction equations.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1200 healthy school children age group of 5-15 years after approval from the institutional Ethical committee. All the analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to find the correlation between PEFR and anthropometric parameters among boys and girls. Results: PEFR was higher in boys than girls among all age groups except for 5 years of age. PEFR prediction equations were obtained both for boys and girls using multiple regression equations. For boys: 4.21* age in years2+0.68* height in cms – 2.48* weight in kg +322.85* BSA3 – 137.88 and for girls: 10.64* age in years1 +0.25* height in cms +0.09* weight in kg + 99.44* BSA -22.41 (1p=0.0001, 2p=0.001, 3p=0.007). Conclusions: We developed PEFR prediction equations in children using weight, height, and body surface area. This would be helpful in evaluation of children with airway diseases.
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Objective
Methods
This is a hospital-based prospective study in which Candida isolates from urine, blood, and BAL fluid of ICU patients from March 2021 to February 2022 were included. Conventional identification methods were performed for all isolates, speciation was done by MALDI-TOF. Biofilm formation by microtiter plate method and anti-fungal susceptibility was performed by VITEK-2.
Results
In the present study, out of 360 positive fungal isolates, 20% Candida isolates (72) were obtained from the ICU patients. Candida tropicalis (45.2%) was the most common fungal isolate among all non-albicans Candida spp followed by C. parapsilosis, and C. auris. The biofilm formation was tested by microtiter plate method on Candida isolates. Candida auris showed strong biofilm formation tendency (28.5%). In this study, 16.6% of Candida isolates had resistance against fluconazole out of which 6 isolates were multiresistant to other antifungal. Use of automated machines helped in early identification of these species 24-48 h less than the conventional methods.
Conclusion
Parallel increase in number of non-albicans Candida beside C. albicans could be because of patients on prolonged antimicrobial therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, varied comorbidities and species selection in the presence of certain antifungals, given the higher level of resistance expressed by NAC. Biofilm production a probable cause for increasing antifungal resistance and therapeutic failure. NAC species are emerging as potential threats to cause infection and posing a therapeutic challenge. Early empirical antifungal therapy and further research to improve diagnostic, prevention, and therapeutic strategies are necessary to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality.
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