Women of reproductive age experience higher rates of sleep disturbance than their male counterparts, leading to lack of restorative sleep and increasing risk for chronic disease. The objective of this review is to overlay the menstrual cycle with sleep regulation to develop an evidence-based theoretical model that directs clinical interventions for improved sleep in affected women. Utilizing the basic mechanisms for sleep and the menstrual cycle, in addition to evidence for sleep and hormonal dysregulation, hormonal fluctuations are mapped to variations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), melatonin, and cortisol levels. Effective interventions that may be included in individualized treatment plans – varying based on the scope of practice for each practitioner – are presented, along with the impetus for future research to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and sleep regulation.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is among the most common chronic neurodegenerative conditions, affecting 1% of those over 60 years of age, and involves motor and non-motor impairments. Alterations in normal physiology may become apparent years – in some cases, 10–20 years – before established diagnostic criteria are met. Thus, better clinical outcomes may result when practitioners utilize nutritional and supplement interventions that support reductions in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration as early as possible. PD is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative condition that has both hereditary and environmental components to its pathogenesis, and early identification of risk factors and onset is critical. The purpose of this review is to highlight various nutrition and supplement interventions that may positively affect disease onset and progression, and that warrant further research.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.