Sherry Y Chen is a Lecturer in the Department of Information Systems and Computing at BrunelUniversity. Her major research interests focus on hypermedia-based learning environments and humancomputer interaction. She has published widely in these areas. She is the principle investigator of two research projects: "human factors in the design of adaptive hypermedia systems" and "cognitive approaches to develop search agents".
AbstractIn the past decade, hypermedia programmes have gained attraction for the purposes of teaching and learning. These programmes provide students with freedom of navigation. On the other hand, students are required to develop learning paths by themselves. Empirical evidence indicates that not all of learners can benefit from hypermedia learning. In particular, they have problems to deal with non-linear learning. Research into individual differences suggests cognitive styles have significant effects on student learning in hypermedia programmes. In this study, a cognitive model is presented to illustrate how students with different cognitive styles react to non-linear learning within hypermedia programmes by analysing the findings of previous studies. Implications for the design of adaptive hypermedia learning programmes are also discussed.
IntroductionThe use of hypermedia as a learning medium has been attracting much research in the field of educational technology. The basic rationale behind hypermedia is that information can be presented in a non-linear format. Learners can make their ways through such an information-rich and highly interconnected programme in their own selfdirected manner, instead of having to follow passively some form of pre-defined linear access (Farrell and Moore, 2000). In other words, the development of hypermedia programmes provides learners with many opportunities to explore and discover according to their own individual needs.
Adjusting longitudinal standardized uptake value ratios with an SSWM reference region in these antiamyloid treatment trials increased mean change detection and decreased variance resulting in the substantial improvement in statistical power to detect change.
Introduction
Burdensome symptoms of atopic dermatitis include itch and sleep disturbance. This post hoc analysis reports the effect of baricitinib on itch and sleep disturbance during the first week of treatment in 3 phase 3 studies.
Methods
Patients were randomized 2:1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or baricitinib 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg in the BREEZE-AD1 and -AD2 studies and 1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or baricitinib 2 mg or 4 mg in the BREEZE-AD7 study. Topical corticosteroids were only allowed in BREEZE-AD7. Patients completed the itch numerical rating scale and atopic dermatitis sleep scale (ADSS) items 1–3 using an electronic daily diary. Data were analyzed by study as least squares mean percent change from baseline in daily scores for the randomized patients. Mixed model repeated measures analysis was used to analyze change from baseline values.
Results
A total of 624, 615, and 329 patients were randomized in BREEZE-AD1, -AD2, and -AD7, respectively. Itch severity significantly improved with baricitinib 2 mg and 4 mg versus placebo starting at day 2 (1 day after first dose) in BREEZE-AD1 and -AD7 and at day 1 in BREEZE-AD2. Patients’ ability to fall asleep (ADSS item 1) significantly improved with baricitinib 2 mg and 4 mg versus placebo starting at day 2 in all three studies. There were significant improvements in patients waking due to itch (ADSS item 2) with baricitinib 4 mg versus placebo starting at day 2 in all three studies. Patients’ ability to return to sleep after being woken by itch (ADSS item 3) was significantly improved with baricitinib 4 mg versus placebo starting at day 2 in BREEZE-AD1 and -AD2 and at day 4 in BREEZE-AD7.
Conclusion
Rapid onset of action, typically 1 day after taking the first dose of baricitinib, was observed consistently for the burdensome symptoms of itch and sleep disturbance.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers
BREEZE-AD1, NCT03334396; BREEZE-AD2, NCT03334422; BREEZE-AD7, NCT03733301.
The "Know Hepatitis B" campaign was the first national, multilingual communications campaign to promote testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). This population comprises fewer than 5% of the total U.S. population but accounts for more than half of the up to 1.4 million Americans living with chronic HBV infection. To address this health disparity with a national campaign, CDC partnered with Hep B United, a national coalition of community-based partners working to educate AAPIs about hepatitis B and the need for testing. Guided by formative research, the "Know Hepatitis B" campaign was implemented in 2013 with a twopronged communications strategy. CDC used available Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese media outlets on a national level and relied on Hep B United to incorporate campaign materials into educational efforts at the local level. This partnership helped facilitate HBV testing among the priority population.
Introduction: Skin pain (described as discomfort or soreness) is increasingly recognized as a symptom of atopic dermatitis which impacts patient quality of life. This analysis examined the effect of baricitinib on skin pain in atopic dermatitis in three phase 3 studies (BREEZE-AD1, -AD2, and -AD7). Methods: Patients were randomly assigned 2:1:1:1 to receive once-daily placebo, baricitinib 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg in BREEZE-AD1 (N = 624) and -AD2 (N = 615) and 1:1:1 to receive oncedaily placebo, baricitinib 2 mg, or 4 mg, with topical corticosteroids, in BREEZE-AD7 (N = 329) for 16 weeks. Patients recorded their skin pain severity using the Skin Pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) via an electronic daily diary. Data were analyzed by study as least squares mean change from baseline in daily scores for the randomly assigned patients using mixed model repeated measures analysis. Analysis of
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