In older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range, pravastatin is associated with a clinically important reduction in risk for major coronary events and stroke. Given the high cardiovascular event rate in older patients, the potential for absolute benefit in this age group is substantial.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strength training (ST) in healthy older women on 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and its components and on 24-h substrate utilization. Thirteen women (age 67 +/- 1 yr) exercised three times per week for 16 wk in a total body ST program. EE components and substrate utilization were determined for 24 h in an indirect room calorimeter before and after training. The ST invoked a 47% increase in upper body and a 66% increase in lower body strength (P < 0.001). Body weight, percent body fat, and fat-free mass did not change significantly; however, midthigh muscle area increased (55.2 +/- 3.1 vs. 60.4 +/- 2.3 cm2; P < 0.05). There are a significant increase in resting EE (5,017 +/- 218 vs. 5,473 +/- 213 kJ/day; P < 0.05) but no significant changes in sleeping EE (4,929 +/- 180 vs. 5,067 +/- 251 kJ/day), diet-induced thermogenesis (359 +/- 25 vs. 393 +/- 33 kJ/day), activity EE (682 +/- 84 vs. 381 +/- 117 kJ/day), or 24-h EE (6,054 +/- 188 vs. 6,247 +/- 243 kJ/day). The increase in resting EE was not significant after the increase in muscle area is taken into account. The 24-h nonprotein respiratory quotient decreased (0.90 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.01; P < 0.001), revealing a significant increase in 24-h fat oxidation (42 +/- 6 vs. 81 +/- 7 g/day) and a decrease in carbohydrate oxidation (180 +/- 14 vs. 113 +/- 10 g/day; both P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, motor effects, and safety of IPX066, a novel extended-release formulation of carbidopa-levodopa, with an immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa formulation in advanced Parkinson's disease. We performed an open-label crossover study in 27 subjects with advanced Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations on levodopa therapy. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to 8 days' treatment with either immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa followed by IPX066 or IPX066 followed by immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa. Pharmacokinetic and motor assessments were undertaken on day 1 for 8 hours (following a single dose) and on day 8 for 12 hours (during multiple-dose administration). Following a single dose of IPX066 or immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa, plasma levodopa concentrations increased at a similarly rapid rate and were sustained above 50% of peak concentration for 4 hours with IPX066 versus 1.4 hours with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (P < .0001). Multiple-dose data showed IPX066 substantially reduced variability in plasma levodopa concentrations despite a lower dosing frequency (mean, 3.5 vs 5.4 administrations per day). In addition, total levodopa exposure during IPX066 treatment was approximately 87% higher, whereas the increase in levodopa C(max) was approximately 30% compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa. Both products were well tolerated. IPX066 provided more sustained plasma levodopa concentrations than immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa. Larger, longer-term, well-controlled studies should be conducted to provide rigorous assessment of the clinical effects of IPX066.
CR665 had a selective effect on visceral pain. Oxycodone exhibited a generalized effect, elevating thresholds for cutaneous, deep somatic, and visceral pain stimulation.
After strength conditioning, healthy older women showed not only substantially increased strength but also improvements in walking velocity and the ability to carry out daily tasks such as rising from a chair and carrying a box of groceries.
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