Furanocoumarins are the active ingredients in GFJ responsible for enhancing the systemic exposure of felodipine and probably other CYP3A4 substrates that undergo extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.

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In this study, we show that peroxisome proliferator chemical (PPC) exposure leads to alterations in the expression of genes in rat liver regulated by the sex-specific growth hormone secretory pattern and induced during inflammation. Expression of the male-specific cytochrome P450 (P450) 2C11 and ␣2 urinary globulin (␣2u) genes and the female-specific P450 2C12 gene was down-regulated by some PPC. Expression of P450 2C13, also under control by the sex-specific growth hormone secretory pattern, was not altered by PPC treatment, indicating that regulation of CYP2C family members does not involve perturbation of the growth hormone secretory pattern. In contrast to the increases in expression observed when inflammation was induced in male rats, two positive acute-phase response genes, ␣ 1 -acid glycoprotein and ␤-fibrinogen, were decreased by PPC exposure. The down-regulation of the P450 2C11 by WY-14,643 could be reproduced in cultured rat hepatocytes, indicating the down-regulation is a direct effect. Experiments in wild-type mice and mice that lacked a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␣ gene showed that down-regulation by WY of ␣ 1 -acid glycoprotein, ␤-fibrinogen, and a mouse homologue of ␣2u was dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␣ expression. Our results demonstrate that PPC exposure leads to down-regulation of diverse liver-specific genes, including CYP2C family members important in hormonal homeostasis and acute-phase response genes important in inflammatory responses.

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