A new sensitive, rapid and simple spectrofluorimetric method was utilized for the assessment of velpatasvir (VPS) in its bulk form as well as in its combined tablet with sofosbovir (SFV).

Industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries represents a heavy pollution source on their receiving water body. This paper studies a case of pollution control at Tanta Soap and Oil Company, Banha Factory, Egypt. The factory production includes soap, edible oil, and animal fodder. About 4,347 m3/day of industrial wastewater effluent was discharged via gravity sewers to the public sewerage system. Most of the effluent was cooling water because the cooling process in the factory was open circle. In spite of the huge quantity of cooling water being disposed of, disposal of wastewater was violating pertinent legislation. Three procedures were used for controlling the pollution at the Banha Factory. Firstly, all open circuit cooling systems were converted to closed circuit thus reducing the quantity of the discharged wastewater down to 767 m3/day. Secondly, the heavily polluted oil and grease (O&G) wastewater from the refinery unit is treated via two gravity oil separator (GOS) units, dissolved air floatation (DAF), and biological units in order to reduce the high levels of O&G, BOD, COD, and SS to the allowable limits. Thirdly, the heavily polluted waste effluent from the 'red water' saponification unit is treated separately by acidification to convert the emulsified fatty acid to free form in order to be separated through an oil separation unit. The effluent is then passed to liming stage to neutralize excess acidity and precipitate some of the dissolved matters. The mixture is finally clarified and the pH is adjusted to the allowable limits. The effluent wastewater from the three processes is collected and mixed in a final equalization tank for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system. The characteristics of the effluent water are very good with respect to the allowable Egyptian limits for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system.

Two methods, a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and a direct ultra-violet spectrophotometric method, were adopted and validated for the quantification of sofosbuvir, which is a new antiviral agent used for treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limits of detection and quantification were determined according to the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH)-Q2B. The RP-HPLC method was applied on Hypersil TM ODS C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 µm) as a stationary phase. The mobile phase was optimized according to the polarity of the studied drug. It was methanol: acetonitrile (90:10, v:v), pumped using an isocratic mode with flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 260 nm. The UV spectrophotometric method was performed for the studied drug at 260 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 2-60 µg/mL and 5-40 µg/mL for the RP-HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The proposed methods are accurate, sensitive and precise, so they can be successfully adopted for the reliable determination of sofosbuvir content in its tablet form.

The application of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the detection and determination of environmental pollutants has become a very important mission in the last few years. Two selective and sensitive membrane electrodes were fabricated in the laboratory and intended to evaluate the electrochemical response of bromazepam (BRZ) using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) as ion pairing agents. The linearity range of the fabricated electrodes was between 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−3 M. Nernstian slopes of 54 mV/decade and 57 mV/decade were obtained for the BRZ-PTA and BRZ-TPB membrane electrodes, respectively. The performance of the fabricated membranes was optimum in the pH range of 3–6. Optimum electrochemical response was attained through the careful adjustment of all assay settings. The cited method was successfully applied for the selective determination of BRZ in either its pure form or real wastewater samples obtained from a pharmaceutical industrial plant. The main core of novelty in the suggested method lies in the application of the membranes for the sensitive, selective, and economic determination of BRZ in real wastewater effluents without the tedious sample pretreatment procedures. This can make the suggested method considered an eco-friendly method, as it minimizes the use of organic solvents and chemicals used in the pretreatment process.

A series of symmetric molecules incorporating aryl or pyridyl moieties as central core and 1,4-substituted triazoles as a side bridge was synthesised. The new compounds were investigated as lactate dehydro-genase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) inhibitors. The cancer associated LDHA isoform was inhibited with IC50 = 117–174 µM. Seven compounds exhibited better LDHA inhibition (IC50 117–136 µM) compared to known LDH inhibitor – galloflavin (IC50 157 µM).

KEYWORDSSimple, selective and precise spectrophotometric methods were adopted for simultaneous determination of sitagliptin (SIT) and simvastatin (SIM) in new co-formulated pharmaceutical dosage form. In the first method, SIT was determined by measuring its zero order absorbance at 266.4 nm in the range of 40-360 µg/mL in the presence of up to 70% of SIM. While, the two cited drugs were determined simultaneously using third derivative method by measuring the sum of peak amplitudes (peak & valley) at 275.3-280.3 nm and 240.5-244.7 nm in the ranges of 40-360 µg/mL and 2-18 µg/mL for SIT and SIM, respectively. In the second method, the first derivative of ratio spectra method was applied by measuring the peak height at 255.9 and 275.2 nm using 18 µg/mL SIM as devisor over a concentration range of 40-360 µg/mL of SIT and at 228.3, 240.5 and 248 nm using 100 µg/mL of SIT as divisor over a concentration range 2-18 µg/mL SIM. In the third method the ratio subtraction spectrophotometric method was used, where SIM can be determined by dividing the spectra of the mixtures by the spectrum of SIT (40 µg/mL) followed by subtracting the constant absorbance value of the plateau, then finally multiply the produced spectrum by the spectrum of the devisor. Laboratory prepared mixtures were successfully tried for the three compositions of tablets (10, 20 and 40 mg of SIM) with 100 mg of SIT. The developed methods were validated as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. Sitagliptin Validation SimvastatinRatio subtraction Spectrophotometric analysis Derivative spectrophotometry

No abstract

In recent years, the use of ion-selective membranes in the sensing and assessment of environmental contaminants has become a critical goal. Using sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as ion-pairing agents, two sensitive and selective sensors were manufactured to evaluate the electrochemical response of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX). The optimal electrochemical behavior was attained by fine-tuning all assay parameters. The manufactured membranes’ performance was optimal in a pH range from 1.0 to 5.0 with a linearity between 1 × 10−6 M and 1 × 10−2 M. The MOX–TPB and MOX–PTA membrane electrodes have Nernstian slopes of 59.2 ± 0.60 mV/decade and 58.4 ± 0.50 mV/decade, respectively. The proposed method was used to determine MOX in its pure form as well as real pharmaceutical wastewater effluents. The fabricated electrodes were effectively applied for the sensitive and selective determination of MOX in actual wastewater effluents without the need for any pre-treatment processes.