Background: Insufficient pain treatment in the early stages after laparoscopic cholecystectomy may cause patients to breathe shallowly and quickly because they are afraid of experiencing pain. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic complementary therapies such as foot massage can be used to manage pain and anxiety after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aim: To determine effect of foot massage on pain and anxiety levels among patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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Background: Skin breakdown includes non-blanchable erythema without underlying tissue loss, abrasion, and deep and extensive pressure ulcers. Hospitalization can cause skin breakdown due to medication, food, and mobility changes. Aim: To assess the effect of skincare bundle protocol on nursing performance regarding prevention of skin breakdown. Research Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: This study was conducted in

Defibrillation is electrical therapy used to quickly terminate lethal dysrhythmias through defibrillation or cardioversion and early defibrillation lead to higher rates of survival. Critical care nurse is the first realize to life-threatening conditions so it is important that critical care nurses must have sufficient knowledge and skills about defibrillation. Aim: evaluate the effect of training program on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding defibrillation. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in coronary care unit at Beni-Suef University Hospital. Sample: All convenient samples 38 nurses. Tools: Two tools were used (1) a self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge, (2) an observational checklist to assess practice regarding defibrillation. Results: preprogram; the majority of the nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding defibrillation (84.2% and 92.1% respectively). A significant improvement was found immediately post-program (86.8% and 81.6% respectively) while this improvement lowered slightly post 3 months at follow up (76,3% and 71,1% respectively). Conclusion: A statistically significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practice had got after implementation of the program which supported the study hypothesis. Recommendation: Continuous in-service training programs about defibrillation.

Background: Pain is common in critically ill patients, inadequate pain relief post cardiac catheterization delays recovery and lead to increased workload of heart and increased hospital stays. Rhythmic breathing is simple, low cost, non-invasive technique and effective in reducing the pain severity. Aim of this study is conducted to examine the effect of rhythmic breathing technique on the pain intensity of patient after cardiac catheter. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used.