Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity and mortality. Many studies reported that mir‐375 is frequently down‐regulated in many cancers including esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and leukemias. Aim Our aim was to study the expression of microRNA‐375 and its target gene SMAD‐7 polymorphisms (rs4939827) in CRC patients in comparison to control subjects and to correlate these results with clinical data of patients to elucidate their role in pathogenesis and early diagnosis of CRC. Material and methods The present study was conducted on 122 subjects divided into 86 patients with CRC and 36 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The followings were done to all subjects: full history taking, full clinical examination, complete blood picture, serum (ALT, AST), serum albumin, CEA, TLC, PLT, and creatinine. Gene expression of miRNA‐375 from serum was done by real‐time PCR. Gene polymorphism SNPs of SMAD7 (rs4939827) was also done in DNA extracted from blood by real‐time PCR. Results As regards the polymorphism of SMAD7, we found that CC (wild) genotype has high percentage in controls compared to CRC cases (36.1% vs 15.1%). Meanwhile, the mutant and heterozygotes genotypes showed high percentage among cases compared to controls (33.7%, and 51.2% respectively) vs (22.2%, and 41.7% respectively) with no significant statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant high T‐allelic frequency among cases and C‐allelic frequency among controls. There was a statistically significant association between fold change in micro RNA (‐375) and the susceptibility to CRC as there is down‐regulation of the microRNA‐375 in CRC group with fold change in 0.42±0.27. Conclusion Micro RNA‐375 and rs4939827 SNP in SMAD7 could be considered as potential markers for detecting and early diagnosing CRC patients.
Background Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition. Recent clinical studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which could be used as biomarkers for this condition. Patients and methods A total of 90 neonates with sepsis and 90 healthy neonates were enrolled in this study. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of serum miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p. Results miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p serum levels were significantly reduced in neonates with sepsis compared with those in healthy neonates (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations of miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p with each of TLC, RDW, RBS, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as SNAPII were observed, indicating their associations with the severity of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p may be useful as novel biomarkers in neonatal sepsis and may provide a new direction for its treatment.
Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The early diagnosis of BD is very important to avoid serious and/or fatal complications such as eye damage, severe neurological involvement, and large vessel occlusion. New, sensitive biomarkers would aid in rapid diagnosis, the monitoring of disease activity, and the response to treatment.Methods: This study’s aim is to identify two immune system-related BD biomarkers. We measured long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 (nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1), and lnc-DC (lncRNA in dendritic cells) in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 52 BD patients and 52 controls. We analyzed the association between NEAT1 and lnc-DC and the clinical parameters of BD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic performance of the studied genes.Results: Compared to controls, the significant upregulation of NEAT1 {median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 1.68 (0.38–7.7), p < 0.0001} and downregulation of lnc-DC [median (IQR) = 0.2 (0.12–1.39), p = 0.03] were detected in the sera collected from BD patients. Higher serum expression levels of NEAT1 and lnc-DC were significantly associated with the following clinical presentations: cutaneous lesions, vascular manifestations, articular manifestations, neurological manifestations, and higher disease activity score. Also, high NEAT1 levels were significantly associated with a negative pathergy test, while higher lnc-DC was significantly associated with a positive family history. ROC curves showed that NEAT1 and lnc-DC levels in serum could be used as predictors of BD with high specificity and fair sensitivity. NEAT1 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.591–0.794, p = 0.001), and lnc-DC had an AUC of 0.615 (95% CI: 0.508–0.723, p = 0.043).Conclusion: Serum lncRNAs NEAT1 and lnc-DC are biomarkers for BD.
Background: Polymorphisms of long noncoding RNAs are lately documented as hazardous factors for the development of numerous tumors. Furthermore, the evaluation of noncoding RNAs has emerged as a novel detector of breast cancer patients. We aimed to genotype the HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) rs1859168 and assess its relationship with the levels of the serum HOTTIP and its target miR-615-3p in patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods: One hundred and fifty-one patients with BC, 139 patients with fibroadenoma (FA), and 143 healthy participants were incorporated into the current study. The genotyping of rs1859168 and the measurements of the HOTTIP and miR-615-3p levels were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: We revealed a significant association between each of the CC genotypes, C allele, dominant and recessive models, and the increased risk of BC (p = 0.013, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) relative to the healthy controls. Similarly, the CC genotype, C allele, and recessive model were observed to be related to the increased incidence of BC with respect to FA (p < 0.001 for all). A significant upregulation of HOTTIP and a marked decrease of miR-615-3p were verified in patients with BC compared to each of the healthy individuals, patients with FA, and the non-BC group (healthy subjects + FA) (p < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the expression of HOTTIP and miR-615-3p in the serum of patients with BC. The HOTTIP expression was upregulated, while that of miR-615-3p was downregulated in patients with BC who carried the CC genotype with respect to those who carried the AA or AC genotypes (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: The genetic variants of rs1859168 are linked to an increased susceptibility to BC. Moreover, HOTTIP and miR-615-3p may be used as novel indicators and targets for the treatment of patients with BC.
Microbiological culture media are expensive been imported from developed countries, and there is need to formulate our local media from vast raw materials available to improve our foreign reserves. This study was aimed at formulation of culture media from sorghum grains to cultivate test bacteria commonly used in research purposes. The sorghum grains free from debris were soaked in distilled water for 24 hr. and ground into paste. The fibers were removed by filtration followed by centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtained gluten and starch deposits which were separated and dried at 25 o C. The dried gluten and starch were digested with pepsin and amylase enzymes to obtained protein and sugar digests which was combined proportionally and pH.7.2 adjusted. A pure culture each of Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8241) were inoculated into sterile formulated sorghum and nutrient media. A visualized turbidity was observed. The OD (0.66 and 0.65) of S. aureus and (0.57 and 0.47) for B. subtilis in sorghum and nutrient media respectively. The mean viable count of 6.0 x 10 21 ± 0.004 and 5.7 x10 21 ± 0.003 CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus in sorghum and nutrient media followed by 4.3 x10 20 ± 0.003 and 4.7 x 10 21 ± 0.005 CFU/mL of Bacillus subtilis in nutrient and sorghum media respectively. There is no significant difference in viable counts of bacteria (p<0.05) in these media. The growth curves exhibited by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis in sorghum and nutrient media showed similar pattern of no lag phase and lengthen log phase. The formulated sorghum media promotes and support the bacteria. The study recommends that sorghum media can be an alternative to nutrient broth as routine culture media.
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