Aim: To evaluate the effect of different LED light intensities on microharness and depth of cure of nanofilled resin composite restorations using transtooth illumination technique with different thickness of buccal wall. Materials and methods:The materials used for this study was nanofilled resin composite material (Filtex Z350XT, 3M, ESPE) shade A3with its corresponding bonding system (single bond universal, 3M, ESPE). A total of 10 sound extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided into 2 main groups of 5 teeth each according to curing light intensities; either standard LED curing mode (800 mW/cm 2 ) for 30 sec or high intensity LED curing mode (1400 mW/cm 2 ) for 10 sec. In each tooth, 2 cavity preparations were performed; moderate cavity preparation width (1/3 intercuspal distance) in the mesial aspect of each tooth and wide cavity preparation (1/2 intercuspal distance) in the distal aspect. All specimens were light cured using transtooth curing technique from the buccal and lingual surfaces. Each tooth was sectioned in a mesio-distal direction into 2 equal halves. Surface Micro-hardness of the specimens was determined. The mean microhardness values and hardness ratio % of the specimens were calculated. One way analysis of variance ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and independent t tests were used to compare between more than 2 groups. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Purpose: To evaluate the difference between ICCMS and CAMBRA models on treatment plan of young adults. Settings and Design: A total of 104 young adult patients were randomly divided into two groups, either ICCMS or CAMBRA. Patients and Methods: Patients were examined according to the criteria of the ICDAS-II and caries risk was analyzed according to CAMBRA and divided into two equal groups according to treatment protocol. Caries incidence was assessed according to ICDAS-II criteria after 6 and 12 months. Statistical analysis used Chi-square test. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Relative risk (RR) was used to determine the clinical significance. Results: The current study has revealed no statistically significant difference between both caries risk assessment models tested at baseline (P = 0.317), 6 months (P = 0.164) and 1 year (P = 0.287). Intra-group assessment of CAMBRA group showed a statistically significant difference in ICDAS scores (P = 0.002) after 12 months in high-and moderate-risk groups while low-risk group did not show statistically significant difference in ICDAS scores between different follow-up periods (P = 0.593) and (P = 1.000), respectively. ICCMS groups did not show statistically significant differences in any group along follow-up periods. Conclusion: ICCMS and CAMBRA were equivalent in preventing new decay. The ICCMS treatment plan is a safe approach and its preventive products are available over the counter. However, it is more complicated than CAMBRA. While CAMBRA is simpler, it is less comprehensive, some of its products are not available over the counter worldwide (e.g. Duraphat 5000 ppm) and some of them may be accompanied by several side effects (e.g. chlorhexidine mouthwash), which may weaken its management protocol.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Surface markers expression utilizing surface markers for flow cytometry. The odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was assessed. Material and methods: dental pulp tissuses were collected from impacted third molars. samples were treated with collagenase before centrifugation to allow release of the cells. Cells were cultured in complete culture medium for 12-14 days. After reaching confluence, the isolated cells were characterized by flow cytometry using CD105 and CD45. The cells were induced for odontogenic differentiation by placing the cells in odontogenic induction media for 14 days. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red stain and by the expressions of dentine sialo phospho protein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which were assessed by RT-PCR. Results: The results showed that successful isolation of stem cells from human dental pulp was achieved. Cells were successfully sub-cultured and expanded up to the third passage. A flow cytometric analysis was done after stem cells isolation. Isolated DPSCs were identified by positive expression of CD105 and negative expression of hematopoietic marker C. The results showed that differentiatiationed odontoblastic like cells from DPSCs induced by odontogenic medium were stained by Alizarin Red at days 7 and 14. RT-PCR results indicated that all cultured cells efficiently differentiate into dentin forming cells and expressed specific DSPP, DMP1 and ALP genes at days 7 and 14. Conclusion: DPSCs can be a possible source of stable differentiated odontoblastic cells. Their ability of inducing hard tissue formation offer an alternative method to save teeth with compromised structural integrity.

Background: Tooth wear can have a multifactorial aetiology which requires thorough patient assessment and aesthetic management. Purpose: This case report discusses the management of a young, Egyptian swimmer complaining of tooth sensitivity associated with erosive tooth wear. Anterior teeth were restored using the injection molding technique, also known as the injectable composite resin technique, to overcome the patient's complaint and enhance the aesthetics of compromised anterior teeth. Patients and Methods: Thorough patient assessment was followed by impression taking, a diagnostic wax-up and intraoral mock-up fabrication for aesthetic, functional and biological verification. Upon the patient's agreement on the proposed treatment, an injection molding technique was carried out. Conclusion:The tooth loss pattern associated with erosive tooth wear in competitive swimmers showed a very characteristic presentation. Detailed patient history is imperative for successful assessment of the risk factors contributing to the condition and treatment planning in such cases. The use of injection molding technique for restoration of anterior teeth is a simple, straightforward and aesthetically pleasing alternative for patients with erosive tooth wear requiring direct composite veneers.

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Aim: To compare the effect of Nano-HA and Nano-BG as remineralizing protocol on the microhardness and structural morphology of bleached enamel. Materials and methods: Two different biomimetic materials were used; Nano-bioactive glass powder and Nanohyroxyapatite powder. Five extracted sound human central incisors were selected. The labial of each tooth was divided longitudinal into two equal halves. The mesial half was assigned for BG group and the distal half was assigned for HA group. A total number of 20 Specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (5specimens each). Group1 represent sound unbleached enamel, group2 represent bleaching enamel surface, and group3 represents remineralization by BG and group4 represents remineralization by HA. The specimens in group2 were bleached using 40% Hydrogen Peroxide following the manufacturers' instructions. For Nano-BG group: a mixture of bioactive glass 45S5 powder with particle size (25-120 um) with poly-acrylic acid powder was done (PAA-BAG). Then, one milliliter of the artificial saliva was added then was applied on the bleached enamel surface followed by rinsing for one minute.For Nano-HA group: HA mixed with distilled water then was applied to bleached enamel surface followed by rinsing. All specimens were subjected to de and remineralization cycles. Surface Micro-hardness of the specimens (before bleaching after bleaching and after remineralization protocol) was determined and the mean microhardness values of the specimens were calculated, tabulated and statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests were used to study the significance. The surface morphology of two representative sample of each tested group were examined using scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Results: Microhardness results revealed that the greatest mean value was recorded in unbleached enamel, followed by remineralized enamel with Nano-BG, then remineralized enamel with Nano-HA, with the least value in bleached enamel. ANOVA test revealed that the difference was extremely statistically significant (p<0.0001). Tukey's post hoc test revealed no significant difference between unbleached enamel and remineralized enamel with Nano-BG. Moreover, there was no significant remineralized enamel with Nano-HA and remineralized enamel with Nano-BG. This was associated with some morphological changes in the enamel surfaces between different tested groups.

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