BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 emerges worldwide consideration since their first proving. The knowledge and attitude of all medical personnel play an important role in the effectiveness of infection control policies among medical institutions. AIM: The study evaluates the knowledge of health care workers (HCWs) about infection control policies at the Egyptian institutions trying to identify the degree of their awareness to deal with such outbreak. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was implemented in public and private hospitals sectors at Cairo, Egypt, through a structured self-administered questionnaire that was delivered to HCWs in the selected hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 486 physicians working between university, governmental, teaching, private hospitals, and polyclinics submitted their replies. Of whom, 46.9% practiced internal medicine specialty, 35.4% were pediatricians, and only 17.7% specialized in the family medicine. Regarding the overall level of knowledge about infection control and prevention among HCWs, we found that 87.2% of participants reported presence of infection control program at their institutions and about 79% practiced these policies while only 60.5% received some training. Furthermore, we found that 64.2% of the participant did not know which infections are officially reported. There was some variation in response to causes related to the outbreak as 43.8% referred that to shortage of appropriate personnel protective equipment and only 7.4% assigned the carelessness of HCWs. Moreover, the insufficient resources to fulfill the infection control requirements were assigned as a primary factor to spread of infection (71.4%). The electronic surveillance system was believed the most efficient reporting system of infectious agents by staff (83.1%). The study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference of knowledge of infection control among medical staff according to their specialties (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant trend of orientation about infection control toward the highly certificated individuals (having PhD). Furthermore, there was a potential variance between the groups of higher and lower years of experience regarding in their answers about surveillance system institutions (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, there was variation in responses to questions related to various institutions as a higher percent of awareness of the presence of active infection control policy was found at the governmental and university hospitals (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HCWs had reasonable knowledge about infection control and surveillance during COVID-19 outbreak and we have discovered zones of concern about infection control experience in Egypt which differ between institutions and professions and years of experience.
BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the World Health Organization of the coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) as a pandemic, several countries have locked down and quarantined their residents with restrictive procedures to control spread of the disease. Due to pandemic related stressors, concerns and worries have developed regarding negative psychological impact on the mental well-being of the general population, particularly those known to have higher levels of psychological impairment with high vulnerability to mental health diseases such as medical students. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported depression and to explore its predictors during the period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 first lock down among medical students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Kasr Alainy Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, in June 2020. A simple random sample was picked of one subgroup of 4th year medical students (No. = 300) at faculty of medicine during the academic year 2019–2020. Self-administered questionnaires including Beck’s Depression Inventory scoring were distributed using Google form through communication social media such as WhatsApp. RESULTS: Out of the 300 participants, 238 responses were received with response rate 79.3%. Results indicated that 38.2% of the respondents were experiencing depression with different degrees with Beck’s Depression Inventory mean scores was 19.4 ± 11.6. Multiple logistic regression analysis point out that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4 and p = 0.022) and “Good” grade level of academic performance (OR = 7.2 and p = 0.045) are significant predictors for developing depression among the participating medical students. CONCLUSION: A significantly high prevalence of depression is detected among medical students during the first wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The prevalence of depression is more among females than males and more with medical students achieving “Good” grade level.
Background: Non Communicable Diseases is intensely linked with overweight and obesity.The shifting disease pattern has been attributed to nutrition transition and poor exercise. This study was conducted to identify the dietary consumption patterns, assessing obesity among medical students and its predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 fourth year medical students in a university setting. Dietary patterns were assessed using self administered questionnaire based on United States Department of Health and Human Services and United States Department of Agriculture dietary guidelines for Americans 2015-2020. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by the researchers. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32% and 9% respectively, among the participants. Unfortunately, 29.1% of the studied group were found to have low level of exercise. Intakes of fruits, and vegetables were low, while intakes of sweets and carbonated drinks were high. There was a significant higher percent of obesity among students who practice low level of physical activity (P < 0.05). Also the study revealed by logistic regression analysis that male students were more than 2 times more likely to be obese than female students (Odd's Ratio = 2.16).ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity was 9% among the studied group. Students were found to practice unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits which had significant effects on their Body Mass Index levels.
Background: COVID-19 caused a high level of morbidity and mortality. All age groups are at risk to acquire infection, especially chronically-ill patients; however, there is a hesitancy toward vaccines among them. Aim of the work:The study aims to assess the prevalence of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy and to identify the underlying factors among chronically-ill patients. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of the Internal Medicine Department at Kasr Al-Ainy Medical school. A self-administered Arabic questionnaire was distributed by the researchers to the patients surveying the acceptance rate of vaccination. Results: A total of 587 participants ruled in the study, and their response rate was 78.2 %. The prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy was 29.8%, and the main underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy were fear of the complications of vaccination and fear of the deterioration of chronic diseases (36.4% & 25.5 %) respectively. A statistical significance was detected between vaccine hesitancy and many factors such as (gender, educational level, smoking status, type of chronic disease, and attitude toward the safety of vaccine) P ≤ 0.001. Multiple logistic regression models yielded that significant predictors for vaccine hesitancy were females (OR 2.119), Illiterate (OR 1.73), not working in medical field (OR 2.311), using sources of knowledge other than Ministry of Health Website (OR 3.716), non Hypertensive (OR 1.45), having autoimmune diseases (OR1.68). Conclusions: Relatively significant Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among chronically-ill patients is influenced by gender, educational level, smoking status, attitude toward safety of vaccine, and source of knowledge regarding the vaccine.
Background: Global evidence that the first 1000 days of a child"s life found to be the most precious period of child"s nutrition status development, where the impact of malnutrition during this critical period are likely to have a long term consequences which might be irreversible. Considering Mothers are mainly the caregiver of their children, sufficient maternal nutrition knowledge is essential for a healthy child with normal nutrition status and free of malnutrition. The study aimed to assess the level of nutritional knowledge and its predictors for mothers with children aged 0-24 months. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 conveniently recruited mothers-having children aged between 0-24 months-attending an urban primary health care center in Giza. Maternal nutrition literacy was assessed using an interview guided questionnaire. Maternal total nutrition knowledge score was calculated for each participant, out of 20. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and spearman"s correlation non-parametric tests were used to delineate associations between different variables and the total Knowledge score. Results:The mean and standard deviation of maternal total knowledge score was 13.31 ± 2.29. There was a significant statistical relation (P ≤ 0.05) between each of the following; mothers" education, mothers" occupation, mothers" residence and maternal nutritional knowledge score. A weak negative statistical significant correlation between number of mothers' children and their nutritional knowledge score was found, whereas no statistical significant correlation between mothers" age and their nutritional knowledge level was detected. A significant multiple regression model was found with adjusted R square =27.1% &p value of 0.001. Selected variables by the model were: University level of mother"s education in relation to nonuniversity level with (standardized = 0.48, p-value = 0.000), maternal occupation whether working in relation to non-working mothers (standardized = 0.40, pvalue = 0.000) and Number of children with (standardized = -0.11, p-value = 0.039). Conclusion :The participating mothers possessed a reasonable level of knowledge regarding different aspects of child healthy nutrition. Maternal nutrition knowledge scores were higher among university graduate mothers, among mothers living in higher socio-economic class and amongst mothers having less number of children.
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