62The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak originating from Wuhan, China, poses 63 a threat to global health. While it's evident that the virus invades respiratory tract and 64 transmits from human to human through airway, other viral tropisms and transmission 65
ObjectiveTo study the GI symptoms in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients.DesignWe analysed epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 caused coronavirus disease 2019. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and GI tissues.ResultsAmong the 95 patients, 58 cases exhibited GI symptoms of which 11 (11.6%) occurred on admission and 47 (49.5%) developed during hospitalisation. Diarrhoea (24.2%), anorexia (17.9%) and nausea (17.9%) were the main symptoms with five (5.3%), five (5.3%) and three (3.2%) cases occurred on the illness onset, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients developed diarrhoea during hospitalisation, potentially aggravated by various drugs including antibiotics. Faecal samples of 65 hospitalised patients were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, including 42 with and 23 without GI symptoms, of which 22 (52.4%) and 9 (39.1%) were positive, respectively. Six patients with GI symptoms were subjected to endoscopy, revealing oesophageal bleeding with erosions and ulcers in one severe patient. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum specimens for both two severe patients. In contrast, only duodenum was positive in one of the four non-severe patients.ConclusionsGI tract may be a potential transmission route and target organ of SARS-CoV-2.
Recent preliminary studies reported the in vitro tumor-promoting effects of long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the in vivo functions and molecular mechanism of UCA1 in CRC remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the detailed role and mechanism of UCA1 in CRC. We found that UCA1 was up-regulated in CRCs and negatively correlated with survival time in two CRC cohorts. Functional assays revealed the in vitro and in vivo growth-promoting function of UCA1 and revealed that UCA1 can decrease the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by attenuating apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that UCA1 could sponge endogenous miR-204-5p and inhibit its activity. We also identified CREB1 as a new target of miR-204-5p. The protein levels of CREB1 were significantly up-regulated in CRCs, negatively associated with survival time and positively correlated with the UCA1 expression. The present work provides the first evidence of a UCA1-miR-204-5p-CREB1/BCL2/RAB22A regulatory network in CRC and reveals that UCA1 and CREB1 are potential new oncogenes and prognostic factors for CRC.
notorious Zn dendrites and hazardous side reactions ascribing to the interactions between Zn 2+ and the functional groups in hydrogel. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Nevertheless, battery electrolytes with conventional hydrogels will be ineluctably freezing at subzero temperatures due to the relatively high freezing point of water. This can dramatically deteriorate the polymer gel mechanical property and ionic conductivities, [15,16] resulting in inferior cycling stability or even occurring short circuit. [17] In addition, the mechanical property of the hydrogel electrolyte should also be elaborately designed, to simultaneously satisfy the flexibility of wearable batteries and withstand the acting force during daily operation.Generally, hydrogel freezing is mainly on account of the strong HB formation between water molecules on polymer chains. [18,19] To date, two main strategies including the organic additives [20][21][22][23][24][25] and high concentration salts [26][27][28][29][30] are demonstrated on breaking the HB of water to achieve batteries with low temperature performance. The organic additives can form new HB with water molecules for achieving ultralow freezing point, and regulate the Zn 2+ solvation structure by coordinating with Zn 2+ for dendrite and side reaction suppression. [20,21,23] However, the radii of the Zn 2+ solvation structure are increased during the coordination, which significantly decrease the ionic conductivity of the batteries especially at subzero temperatures. [31] For high-concentration salts, they own much higher ionic conductivity than organic molecules, [26][27][28][29]32] but are expensive and undergo poor electrolyte wettability and severe salt precipitation at low temperature. [33][34][35] Critically, the mechanical durability of the hydrogel will be deteriorated by the high concentration salts when cooperated in batteries. Apart from the abovementioned strategies, grafting alcohol molecules to the polymer chains can also dedicate to the hydrogel antifreezing, whereas the fabrication process is tedious and complicated comparatively. [36,37] Therefore, exploring a new salt with low concentration to confer the hydrogel electrolyte with adjustable mechanical property and high ionic conductivities at subzero temperatures is of great importance.The Hofmeister effect is one of the ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, including two distinct solvation behaviors for hydrogels regarded as the "salting out" effect of the kosmotropes and "salting in" effect of the chaotropes. [38][39][40][41][42] Current literatures have employed inorganic salts to tailor the mechanical property The new-generation flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries require enhanced mechanical properties and ionic conductivities at low temperature for practical applications. This fundamentally means that it is desired that the hydrogel electrolyte possesses antifreezing merits to resist flexibility loss and performance decrease at subzero temperatures. Herein, a highly flexible polysaccharide hydrogel is realized in situ and ...
The increasing worldwide oil pollution intensifies the needs for new techniques of separation of oil from oily water.
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