Traditional structural forms are difficult to meet the lightweight requirements of subsequent spacecraft for load-bearing structures. In the aerospace industry, filling structure with lattices is a popular approach to reduce the weight of a spacecraft. However, this design strategy has deficiencies in the spatial distribution of lattice cells as well as its affection on the mechanical properties. In this study, a two-step topology optimization technique is proposed to solve the spatial distribution problem of nanosatellite. Firstly, an entire nanosatellite box composed of panels which filled with uniform lattices is sent to the vibration test to obtain the frequency data. Then, a finite element (FE) model of the nanosatellite structure which contains the same uniform lattices is built and validated with the obtained frequency data above. For the subsequent calculation of topology optimization. An equivalent model of the verified FE model is established by replacing the lattice cells in the sandwich layer with equivalent fictional elements. Subsequently, a topology optimization problem under the mass constraints is formulated for maximize the nature frequency, and a new light weighted nanosatellite which filled with non-uniform lattices is established by applying the density mapping method and the previous topology configuration result. By separating the design problem of nanosatellite into two steps, the proposed optimization design method achieves the maximum frequency design under the weight constraint. Furthermore, the frequency is also guaranteed to be around the nature frequency. The results reveal that the mass of the new structure with non-uniform lattices is reduced by 50.32% and the frequency is increased by 1.19%. An important technical importance and application value of this proposed technique is that it improves the performance and design efficiency of the load-bearing structures of a nanosatellite, and this method has significant technical significance and application value.
For design and application of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs), it is essential to predict the material strengths and understand how do they relate to constituents and microstructural features. To this end, a computational approach consists of the direct methods, homogenization, and statistical analyses is introduced in our previous studies. Since failure of PRMMC materials are often caused by time-varied combinations of tensile and shear stresses, the established approach is extended in the present work to take into account of these situations. In this paper, ultimate strengths and endurance limits of an exemplary PRMMC material, WC-Co, are predicted under three independently varied tensile and shear stresses. In order to cover the entire load space with least amount of weight factors, a new method for generating optimally distributed weight factors in an n dimensional space is formulated. Employing weight factors determined by this algorithm, direct method calculations were performed on many statistically equivalent representative volume elements (SERVE) samples. Through analyzing statistical characteristics associated with results the study suggests a simplified approach to estimate the material strength under superposed stresses without solving the difficult high dimensional shakedown problem.
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