The mathematical modeling of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in ME laminates has been established for some simple structures. However, these methods, which are based on the differential equation approach, are difficult to use in other complex structures (e.g., ring structures). In this work, a new established approach based on the generalized Hamilton’s principle is used to analyze the ME effect in an ME laminated ring. Analytical expressions for ME voltage coefficients are derived. A comparison with the conventional method indicates that this approach is more convenient when the modeling analysis is performed on complex structures. Further, experimental data are also obtained to compare with the theoretical calculations in order to validate the new approach.
A four-level inverted-Y configuration driven by two control fields is considered to demonstrate the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). It is shown that the double EIT can be realized in this system. Such double transparency spectra can be locally modulated by changing the detunings as well as the Rabi frequencies of the control fields.
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