Superconducting properties and crystal structures of singlecrystal niobium nitride thin films deposited at ambient substrate temperature Structural investigation of two carbon nitride solids produced by cathodic arc deposition and nitrogen implantation

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is an important nonlinear optical material. Since the 1930s, this material has attracted significant attention because of its excellent physical and optical properties. [1][2][3][4] KDP has been widely used in many technological fields, such as laser frequency conversion, high-speed Q-switching, optical communication, and optical signal processing. [5][6][7][8][9] At the present, one can easily obtain a large aperture KDP with the rapid growth technology. 10,11 To use a KDP component in high-energy laser systems [12][13][14][15] ; however, it is required to minimize the surface and subsurface damages which are mostly introduced in a mechanical surface finishing process. An ideal outcome is that the manufactured KDP component is totally damage free. However, KDP is one of the most difficult-to-handle materials due to its fragility, unstable microstructure, and complicated mechanical behavior. 16,17 A low-quality surface or subsurface can easily reduce the laser-damage threshold (LDT) and the service life of a KDP component. 18,19 How to overcome the difficulties and improve the machinability of KDP has been challenging.There are many issues in relation to the damage-free manufacture of a KDP component, among which the most critical is its complicated deformation mechanisms under external loading. At stressing, a KDP crystal can undergo

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