Background: Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druceis a well-known traditional Chinese herb. Polysaccharide is one of the main bioactive components from Polygonatum odoratum, with broad pharmacological effects, including improving immunity, and is used in the treatment of rheumatic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Results: This study identifies potential genes and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate polysaccharide synthesis in Polygonatum odoratum by using RNA sequencing data from leaf, stem and rhizome tissues. A total of 112,443 unigenes were de novo assembled, and 76,714 were annotated in public databases. Differentially expressed gene analysis showed that most upregulated and uniquely expressed unigenes were enriched in rhizome tissue compared with leaf or stem tissue. UV-spectrophotometry results showed that polysaccharide content was the greatest in the rhizome tissue. Additionally, 2,865 unigenes relevant to TF families were predicted, including 73 involved in polysaccharide synthesis. A few key enzyme genes were also verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Seven β-fructofuranosidases with different amino acid sequences showed similar spatial structures and all had well-conserved catalytic triads. Conclusion: This study substantially enlarges the public transcriptome datasets of this species, and provides insight into the detection of novel genes involed polysaccharide and other secondary metabolite synthesis. Keywords: Polygonatum odoratum, transcriptome , polysaccharide synthesis, Differentially expressed gene, key enzyme genes
Aims Degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a major issue affecting both ecology and economy. Microorganisms play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and regulation of ecosystem function. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and diversity of microbial communities, and understand the response of microbial communities to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from meadow degradation. Methods In this study, the soil bacterial and fungal communities and diversity of alpine meadows of degradation gradient were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. The function of microbial communities was predicted with Picrust2 and FUNGuild. Results As meadow degradation increased, there were 36 bacterial taxa and 28 fungal taxa showing significant differences. The relative abundance of meadow pathogenic fungi increased significantly (P < 0.05). Bacterial and fungal α- diversity mostly tended to decrease. Picrust2 analysis showed a decrease in synthesis-related functional gene abundance and an increase in metabolism-related functional gene abundance. FUNGuild analysis showed that symbiotic and saprophytic symbiotic nutrient fungi decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The pH and available nutrients were identified as the main drivers of changes in the structure, of microbial communities. Conclusion The degradation of meadows directly affects soil nutrient content, which in turn affects the diversity and function of soil microbial composition. The combined effect of soil nutrient reduction and microbial community changes reduces the stability of meadows. This work reveals the response and main environmental drivers of alpine meadow degradation in microbial communities, which provides theoretical support for the conservation and sustainable development of alpine meadows.
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